Whether on the submicro-elemetary level, the now hypothetical form of existence of the matter of fields from which elementary particles are born at micro-elementary level, the nuclear level, from nuclei and electrons there emerge atoms, at the atomic level, and from them molecules at the molecular level, from molecules there are aggregates, i.e., solid, gaseous, and liquid bodies at the macroscopic level.   All have a period of birth, a period of growth, a period of development, a period where it gains strength, reaches maturity, then grows old, runs its course, reaches its limits, declines, decays, dies out, and is reborn in another form of energy. 

This motion is constant and never ending, with one dimensional time, and three dimensional space constraints.  Universes, galaxies, solar systems, stars and planets all  had to live and die so that earth might fit itself and make itself suitable for life.  Essentially, all that has existed has, in time, deserved to perish---by its very birth its death and rebirth in some other form is assured.  Their motions are deliberate.  driven and with purpose.  From the birth of the universe came the formation of our galaxy, what is called the Milky Way galaxy, which organized over 10 billion years ago.  Afterwards our solar system formed within this galaxy which is comprised of a sun, nine planets, moons, asteroids, and comets which are all held together by precisely balanced gravitational attraction and repulsion.  With the Virgo Supercluster which houses our galaxy moving at 2,000,000 km/hr, the Milky Way galaxy rotating at 900,000 km/hr, the earth moving at a rate of 66,000 miles per hour (108,000 km/hr) around the sun, and spinning on its axis at a rate of 1000 miles per hour (1,660 km/hr), it is evident that the entire galaxy is in motion.  

The sun formed from black dark matter and black dark energy interpenetrating.  Eventually gravity caused the energy to collapse; since the energy/matter was spinning, material fell along the "poles" faster than it did near the "equator".  This flattening resulted in a disk like object. Material slowly winded its way into the center of this disk, forming a star.  While the star continued to grow, lumps formed in the disk, which ultimately became planets. This disk eventually thinned as more material fell onto the star and protoplanets. This is termed scientifically as the astrophysical systems of spirit and matter. Formation of the galactic cluster included the galaxy.

The Protostar and solar system formed nebulae. Development of solar regions, inner solar system, outer solar system, proto planets, including earth, began to establish consistent orbital relationships with the sun.  The Protostar contracted, intensified in the heat, transforming into a mature star which developed by producing energy from the conversion of hydrogen to helium (nuclear fusion). The star and planets began orbital stabilization for a few billion years at a distance of 92,955.807 miles.

These complex bodies thus formed are the foundations for the stars and their satellites, the planets and their satellites, stellar systems and the meta-galaxies that encompass them, meta-galaxies make up universes, and so on into the outer reaches of space.  Our galaxy materialized in the context of the same quantum fluctuation mechanism which led to the revolutionary, then evolutionary formation and expansion of the universe as a whole.^. After the explosion which transformed Matter from chaos to order, the universe began to form itself into what it has become today---concentrated fragments of Matter shape into hot glowing lumps (stars) clustered together in cosmic islands (galaxies) that spiral in a cyclic process scattered billions of light years apart.  Overall, the Sun contains more than 99.9 percent of all the matter in our solar system.  The age of this solar system was inferred from dating of the oldest meteorites.  The oldest moon rocks found by the Apollo astronauts have also yielded a similar age.  From these studies, we infer that all the planets within the solar system formed within a period of less than 100 million years, approximately 4.6 billion years ago.^. 

Virtually  every planet or moon is presently in a different stage of development, much as red giants and white dwarfs represent varied stages of stellar evolution.^.  Each planet has apparently evolved to an extent that depends on its place in the solar system and its mass.^.   Planets are essentially spheres of matter which are much smaller than conventional stars and are composed mostly of heavy elements.  These worlds simply could not had formed early in the universe.  There were no heavy elements in the early formative process of the universe.  Planets thus, had to await the birth and death of countless high mass star, which appear to be the only systems suitable for the formation of heavy elements.^.  The existence of earth and human life is owed to ancient supernovae. 

The formation of this universe, galaxy, and solar system were the physical processes which created the natural conditions for life on the planet earth.  As earth, the fifth largest planet in the solar system and the third from the sun began to form its core and mantle its shape became oblated spheroid, like a fat round egg.  It like every other planet in the solar system is a different stage of development compared to other planets.  Composed of heavy elements, these planets including Earth simply could not had formed early in the universe.  There were no heavy elements in the early formative process of universe.  Planets had to await the birth and death of countless high mass stars, which were the only systems suitable for the formation of heavy elements. Many stars died, many ancient supernovae occurred so that Earth and other planets made of heavy elements could live.

With the planet Earth moving at a rate of 66,000 miles per hour (108,000 km/hr) around the sun while simultaneously spinning on its own axis at a rate of 1000 miles per hour (1,660 km/hr).   Situated as the fifth largest planet in the solar system and the third from the sun, the earth developed, formed its core and mantle.  Composed of heavy elements these planets simply could not have formed early in the universe because there were no heavy elements in the early formative process of universe.  Planets awaited the birth and death of billions of high mass stars.  Many stars therefore died so that we might live.  Many ancient supernovae occurred so that Earth and other planets made of heavy elements could live. 

As a result Earth evolved based on its unique and suitable place in the solar system.  Its mass formed within the same quantum fluctuation mechanism which produced the solar system-galaxy-universe as a whole. The formation and the maturation of the earth, moon, and planets formed. A magnetic field formed around the earth. The earth, moon, and other planets containing hot minerals, metals, chemical compounds elements and various gas particles cooled.   Star and earth planet begin orbital stabilization for a few billion years at a mean distance of 92,955,807 miles (149,597,870km), orbit of Sun in 36.25 days, and rotation on axis every 23hr 56mins. 

The stellar systems and the galaxies that embrace them to infinity, all of this is in motion, trobbing, illuminating, being born-dying, constituting the boundless universal colossal cosmic ocean of rarefied substance in which the cosmic bodies float little by little based on their own internal laws of existence, their motions are deliberate, driven and with purpose, all moving within the context of the Virgo Supercluster which houses our galaxy at 2,000,000 km/hr, rotating as the Milky Way galaxy at 900,000 km/hr, with the planet Earth moving at a rate of 66,000 miles per hour (108,000 km/hr) around the sun while simultaneously spinning on its own axis at a rate of 1000 miles per hour (1,660 km/hr), maturing as a planet, growing, fitting itself for life, situated as the fifth largest planet in the solar system and the third from the sun, developing, begins to form its core and mantle, takes on and oblate spheroid egg shape as it cooled down spinning on its potter's wheel---on its axis while forming south and north polar opposites.   As a result  Earth evolved based on its unique and suitable place in the solar system, its mass formed within the same quantum fluctuation mechanism which produced the solar system-galaxy-universe as a whole, formation and maturation of our planet Earth and moon 4.6 billion years ago.

Planet Earth cooled, planet hardened, planet took a slightly egg-like shape, magnetic field formed, orbits became routine, gravitational relationships between the sun and its planets became mature, first permanent crust on earth formed, elementary particle combine to form atoms combine to form molecules combine to form macromolecules, oldest sedimentary rocks form and harden, first stromatolites, atmosphere formed with ammonia/methane and some carbon dioxide, atmosphere and seawater formed consists of volcanic gases with little oxygen making it hostile to organic life forms, elementary particle combine to form atoms combine to form molecules combine to form macromolecules combine to form simple cells, atmosphere fits itself for organic life, more developed algae and bacteria develop, Greenstone belts develops, layers of new Earthly micro-continent form in motion, its polar circumference solidified at 24,859.73, its equatorial circumference solidified at 24,901.46, its polar diameter solidified at 7899.99 miles. 

Its tilt of earth's axis stabilized at approximately 66.5 degrees, its revolutions and orbits stabilized at 1,120 miles per minute-67,000 miles per hour- 590 million miles a year around the sun.  Its mean distance to the sun stabilized at 93,020,000 miles which means that if the sun were the size of a small water melon the earth at the same scale would be the size of a pinhead and lie about one foot away.  The mean distance of the earth to the moon stabilized at 238,857 miles.  Having to grow and develop as all living things must, the planet earth had to fit itself in struggle to support life. 

From a period intense heat, to solar organization of elementary particles of various chemical compounds, to the sinking inward of the densest particles to form a core, to the continued sorting of particles which led to the primeval planet Earth, to the formation of earth's major layers (crust, mantle, and core), changes continued methodically drive by the cosmic director.  Struggle through numerous epochs of inorganic development occurred before earth fitted itself to sustain organic life.  The first one billion years were spent forming an atmosphere, water, oceans and preparing the process of photosynthesis---preparing to use the suns energy to produce biological energy to fuel organic life, land hardened and stabilized, over time the total area of the earth solidified at 196,940,400 square miles.

The mass of the earth grew to 6,585,000,000,000,000,000,000 tons, its volume formalized at 259,875,300,000 cubic miles clasped by intense belts of trapped radiation and electrical currents.  Its interior is still boiling hot iron and liquid rock.  Its surface composition developed over time until today it is 70.92 percent water (about 139,628,046 square miles), 29.08 percent is dry land (about 57,308,437 square miles), of that dry land 6 percent is tillable soil.  Its thickness of crust is between 6 to 42 miles because continental crust is less dense but thicker than oceanic crust, this crust is dominated by atmospheres and biosphere who's ten ecosystems---i.e.-mountain-desert- rain forest-savanna-steepe-broadloaf forest-tundra-prairie-needle-leaf forest- ice caps.  These ecological systems are scattered across 13 land masses.  These regions continually change because of wind currents-changing weather patterns-migrations.  One-third of earth's land surface is dessert or semi-desert (not including the polar and sub-polar "cold deserts"), the largest hot desert is the Sahara (3,500,000 square miles), the largest cold desert is Antarctica (about 5,000,000 square miles), earth has eleven continents, Asia (the largest at 16,988,000 square miles)-Africa-North America-South America-Antartica-Australia.

Europe is not a continent but merely a peninsular of Asia.  The world's largest island is the continent of Australia (2,967,909), the longest river on earth is the African Nile, (4,145 miles), there are 32 sea.  There are four oceans.  The Pacific Ocean alone is larger in area than all the land in the world combined (64,186,300 square miles).  The Pacific ocean is also the largest water filled body on earth at 346,000,000,000,000,000,000 gallons, geological motion of land plates continue, continents move and fragment as new oceans open and coalesce with other continents as old oceans close.  This ongoing geological process of land plate tectonics continues uninterrupted as necessary feature of living planet Earth.

Of the Earth's 92 naturally occurring elements, 8 account for over 98% of the weight of the Earth's crust.  These combine into the "rock forming" minerals.  Three major layers begin to form ultimately resulting in.  Crust thin skin of hard rock 7-42miles thick.  Mantle dense, semi-molten rock 1,800 miles thick.  Core densest, hottest layer, 4340 miles in diameter, made of iron and nickel.  Outer core is molten; inner core is solid and rotates internally in an opposite direction than the earth.

Twenty one billion years that forged the earth's air, water and land, solidified first in Africa; the organic process leading to the earth fitting itself for the emergence of organic life on earth over 3.7 billion years ago, first began in Africa.  Twenty-one billion years and this emerging life begins to take the form of simple DNA and RNA molecules as vehicles of heredity, complexes of protein molecules, single cells, multiple cells, tissue-based complex organisms, organs, functional systems (neural, blood circulation, digestive, gas exchange, etc.), the organism as a whole, families of organism, colonies, various populations the formation of from multicellular organisms that possessed increasingly complex inherent capacities to adapt to changing earthly conditions; the transition to invertebrates, vertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and primates; and then the transition to human life over 5.5 million years ago, again in Africa, this time on the equator---(species, biological communities, and the whole biosphere).

As the momentum of development accelerated with every maturation of earth conditions for a variety of life flowered. 

Precelluar activity of the astrophysical, geological, and chemical type transformed to cellular organization in which a well defined nucleus carried the genetic material for further biological evolution.  After the matter had risen from the atomic level to the higher, molecular level, there followed a process of complication of chemical substances that lasted for billions of years which allowed for the emergence of cellular and tissue formations.  The gradual complication of the molecules of carbon compounds led to the formation of organic compounds (organic level).  Precellular activity, to cellar activity, to multicellular forms led to changes in invertebrates that gave way to developments of vertebrates which ultimately led to the development of primates.  Inorganic life developed into organic life and then complex organic life, creating the conditions for hominid formations.   Step by step, increasingly, complex organic compounds were formed.  And finally came life (biological level). 

Life was a law governed outcome of the development of all chemical and geological processes on the Earth's surface, in its oceans, and atmosphere.^. Simple cells began to synthesize with others, thus giving birth to ever more complex cells with the beginning of a well-defined nucleus which held the cell's genetic material.  Amoebic-like in nature, bacteria, and jellyfish gave way to small shellfish, trilobites and seaweeds.  The two cells could come together and from their merger produce offspring carrying both of the original genetic codes.  At a certain stage in this process, sexual reproduction opened up opportunities for mutations to spread throughout the various populations.^. 

All that is born, develops, declines and dies, and then is reborn in a higher species.  This process continually occurred over billions of years resulting in quantitative changes that lead to qualitative leaps. Gradually, over an extended period of time, organisms encounter crises in their natural habitat, are forced to adapt to survive, struggle for their existence which results in qualitative leaps or revolutionary developments that change the genotype of that organism and therefore its species.  This is a natural process which occurs in all forms of organic life.  Once the necessary physical reactions and chemical reactions on earth took place, biological processes created the conditions for biological life.

Comprising five specimens: australopithecine, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapiens neanderthals; and homo sapiens sapiens, the phynotypic variations of the human species in skin color occurred with Grimaldi (all black until 200,000 years ago); Cro-Magnon (white) first appearance (35,000); Paleosiberian (semetic, 20,000); Chanclade, ( yellow and red 25,000-15,000).   Humans developed over a long period of time then the earth changed, and in a short time a higher, better equipped, human organism is born only to replicate the same process on a higher and more complex level.  After millions of years, human beings became distinct from other primates in the process of labor, which accelerated the differentiation of the human hand from the foot, and supported the transition to an erect gait.  New methods of tool use advanced all species of human life that survived.  The specialization of the hand required tools, and the tool required specific human labor production.  With the development of social labor practices there was a development of speech communication and the complex development of the anterior lobe of the brain, which allowed for the conscious thinking processes.

Humans, Settlements, Societies 

Appearance of flint blades and other stone tools roughly 2 million years ago.  This appearance suggests a shift in food processing techniques, including processing animal carcasses and vegetable foods.

1. Hominid populations limited to small groups of nomadic pastoralists, given the need to remain within close walking distance to fresh water supplies
2. The earliest examples of technology appeared around 2.5 to 2.4 million years, coinciding with a conspicuous change to drier conditions and the onset of a marked dry season/wet season annual cycle
3. The tools demonstrate a basic level of manufacturing skills: modified cobbles and stones, and flakes struck directly from a stone.  This technology has been found at every site in Africa with archaeological material from the period 2.5 to 1.5 million years. (implies no incentive for innovation during that period)
4. Homo habilis were the earliest tool makers
1. Brain larger than earlier hominids
2. Possessed capacity to make tools
3. Made tools according to an arbitrary "least effort" principle
5. Homo erectus comes onto the scene around 1.6 million years ago; soon thereafter, homo habilis disappears from the fossil record
1. Long legs and possessed the capacity to cover distance as a result of its increased body size
2. Is known from sites in South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Morocco, and Algeria; Europe, Java, China
3. Later gave rise to homo neanderthalensis
4. Made bifacial cutting tools according to a predetermined pattern
5. Possessed the capacity to envisage and manufacture a desirable tool, as well as sought out and used specific varieties of stone
6. By 900,000 years ago, was making tools from stone found more than eight kilometers away.
7. From East Africa origin, homo erectus populations dispersed throughout Africa, into Europe, across Asia to India, China, and Java
8. Disappears from the fossil record around 200,000 years ago
6. Human ancestors, around 200,000 years ago were restricted in the distance they could travel from known sources of water.  Regular access to water must have been a primary determinant of early human evolution and behavior; more fundamental than access to food
7. Anatomically modern humans evolved in east Africa no less than 150,000 years ago.  They were always Black.
8. Where conditions are congenial, vegetation flourishes. Relatively high and stable temperatures encourage growth when the soil is fertile and the rainfall is good. The downside is that there is no relief from activities of harmful bacteria or disease-bearing insects (such as winter frosts). Furthermore, the total decomposition of vege matter is rapidly accomplished, leaving no time for the accumulation of humus (organic matter); this results in rare instances of deep fertile topsoil
9. The savanna supports dense populations, but only to those animals that can withstand excessively hot and dry conditions
10. Development of language was essential to the development of social groups.  It emerged out of several preexisting conditions-teeth and jaws that deal with a varied diet of vegetable and animal foods; naked skin and upright stance, which allowed hominids to forage widely throughout the hottest hours of the day; the whole-body cooling system facilitated the evolution of a large cognitive brain in which reason could override instinct. To have language, need a vocal tract and a cerebral cortex. The language process appears to have begun around 1.5 million years ago with homo erectus.
11. Human adaptive strategy became one of endeavoring to make the environment and the food supply more predictable by learning how to control it. A progression of technological advance enabled people to manipulate natural processes and exploit sources of energy inaccessible to any other special. They learned how to survive and reproduce in environments where natural selection would otherwise have made human existence impossible through the ability to transmit useful information via language.
12.  Language linked individuals in a web of interactions, concerns and obligations; the basic imperatives of food, shelter, and reproduction were fulfilled through increasingly complex patterns of behavior
13. While conscious thought, self-awareness, and capacity for planned activity endowed people with a degree of self-determination in their own lives, the continued survival of the species was always dependent upon ecological determinants of the environments they occupied.
14. When modern human began to leave Africa across the isthmus of suez, the overwhelming majority remained in clans of about 150 people made up of related but independent family groups.
15. They could never forage for more than one day's walk from water. Since evolutionary adaptations fitted humans for the savannas, wooded grasslands and woodlands that covered more than 15 million km2 of Africa, humans must have been sparsely distributed
16. During the roughly 5 million years of human evolution, population growth rate was very low.  The density of sites increases abruptly with advances in stone-tool technology.  Distinct peaks of human activity about 215,000, 115,000, and 30,000 years ago, with drops occurring thereafter.  The last of the surges was around 60,000 years ago when the number of sites on the continent as a whole began to show a definite increase, and by 35,000 years ago, there were virtually no regions or ecological niches that humanity had not occupied, except the depths of the rainforest.
17. Hominids were making use of fire not less than 1 million years ago. Hearths (indicating the places where fire burned regularly and people gathered) are rare in African archaeological record until around 60,000 years ago, when they become more widespread.
18. Global climatic conditions were improving in the several thousand years leading up to 125,000 years ago.  Shortly thereafter, humans become less visible on the archeological record.
19. Deteriorating environmental conditions around 70,000 years ago precipitated dwindling food resources, which placed increasing emphasis on the importance of acquiring meat; this led to refinements in the microlithic industry
20. The cooler, drier climatic conditions brought about extinctions of many mammals and the creation of the spear and barbed harpoons (from bone).
21. Deterioration began around 115,000 and reached its lowest point around 70,000.  Conditions improved thereafter (sharply at first, then steadily thereafter for 30,000 years).
22. Around 38,000 years ago, climatic change impact human populations
1. Ice sheets of the Mindel glaciation retreated, flooding the oceans with fresh water; sea levels rose worldwide;
2. in Africa the forests advance, savannas were well-watered, lakes and rivers were full
3. initially human population density was low, but the reproductive capacity ensured that humans exploited the opportunities presented by improved conditions.
4. Conditions were relatively favorable enough for the expanding human population to establish itself in virtually all the regions and ecological niches that Africa had to offer
5. Climate changed for the worse, such that by 18,000 years ago, conditions changed in Africa from benign humidity to extreme aridity; human presence in Africa shrank to the point of almost total archeological invisibility
23. Bad times inspired major technological advancements.
24. Times characterized by balance (needs were met by the environment), the impetus for innovation stalled.
1. Availability of water and food remained adequate
2. Partial isolation of population, self sufficiency, low density-minimal competition between groups
3. Level of technology appropriate to the level of exploitation that people employed
25. Long term deterioration of climatic conditions brought about major disruption to early human populations in Africa
26. Two innovations representing stages of technological development
1. Digging stick weight-a large stone with a hole through the middle
2. Projectile point-use on the spear or the bow
27. Attempts to manipulate food production which mark the beginnings of agriculture encouraged extended use of areas that previously would have been visited only temporarily
28. Harvesting and storage mark the beginning of organized food production-agriculture
29. Earliest evidence of agriculture was found in South Africa dating to 70,000 years ago
30. Established practices persisted so long as they satisfied immediate needs, and change arose only when they proved inadequate
31. The sahara desert was widely inhabited until the last glacial maximum, when increasing aridity drove people out of its previously productive wooded grassland and savanna environments. People moved from the desert in all directions. Essentially nomadic, the groups moving to north and south continued to follow their hunting and gathering way of life
32. The group that moved east to the Nile developed a sedentary lifestyle
33. Between 20,000 and 18,000 years ago the number of sites in the Nile valley increased four-fold.  Black People settled the Nile valley and began the civilizing process that led to the great Ancient African Kmt civilization. These were Black people, until the invasions of whites and semites almost 17,000 years later. Between 18,000 and 16,000 years ago the number almost doubled again. By 12,000 years ago the number of occupation sites along the Nile valley was more than 10 times the number known from before the last glacial maximum, 6,000 years earlier.
34. Adaptation to the pressure of demands for more food was characterized by a more sedentary way of life and the development of food-production and storage strategies.
35. From more than 15,000 years ago the evidence from the Nile valley is the earliest comprehensive instance of an organized food-producing system known anywhere on earth.
36. By 10,000 years ago, population in the Nile valley plunged; around 13,000 years ago heavy and persistent rains moved steadily northward from the Kalahari basin.  Central African lakes rose to unprecedented levels, one of which discharged massive quantities of water into the upper Nile for a period of about 500 years.  This resulted in a decline of food supplies.  The level to which the population grew could not be sustained and the pressure on resources mounted inexorably.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES


Guiding Principle #1:

          Scientists agree that the earth existed in such a state that no human life could have existed

          Process lasting millions of years; this was a movement from a single cell to multiple cell to simple animal life

          *inorganic life to organic life

Guiding Principle #2:

          Step-by-step increasingly complex life would begin to form

          *from complex organic compounds to/and finally to complex organic life

          This statement is true concerning the earth, ocean and atmosphere

Guiding Principle #3:

          Simple cells began to synthesize with each other, giving birth to more complex cells: (single cell nucleus-well defined nucleus)

          *this is where the foundation for different species would be laid

Guiding Principle #4:

          Single cell to multiple cells

          Everything has a unique time span

          Matter is in constant motion

          Some species allow for a general picture of life

Guiding Principle #5:

          (At an accelerated rate) the development of life moved from primitive pre-cellular form(s) to cellular organization to multiple cellular organisms

          Precellular-cell organization-multicellular organisms-invertebrate-vertebrate

          From mammals to primates which ultimately laid the foundation for Homo Sapien Sapien

Guiding Principle #6:

          (at this point in evolution) primates were to become the pinnacle of the development of organic nature and the starting point for the origin, formation, phenotypic adaptation, differentiation, of Hominid life forms

          *primates served as the basis (building blocks) for all human life forms

          "...everything is in motion and take (own unique) time."

Guiding Principle #7:

          The complete series of fossils specimens which document the five stages of hominid formation were found exclusively in Africa. 

          Five specimen all from Africa

• I. australopithecines
• II. homo habilis***
• III. homo erectus*
• IV. homo sapien Neanderthal
• V. homo sapien sapien**

*first specimen to emigrate out of Africa

**the existing specimen (currently)

***tool users

Three primary routes out of Africa

• I. the isthmus of suez (initial main route)
• II. The north/south axis: Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia...by South Yemen. (richest area of fossils and the most ancient remains of humans found)
• III. the straits of Gibraltar (Spain an Portugal)

*these are factual routes de to the emergence of fossils found along trail

• Origins: Human Development, Paleoanthropology, Process of Development, Primates , Humans as Primates, Fossil Primates ,
• First Humans: The Early Australopiths, From Hominid to Human, Australopith Characteristics, Bipedalism, Explaining Bipedalism,
• Australopiths: Early Australopiths, Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis , Australopithecus africanus, The Later Australopiths , Paranthropus aethiopicus, Paranthropus boisei , Paranthropus robustus , Fate of the Later Australopiths
• Genus Homo: Origin of the Genus Homo, Early Homo , Homo habilis , Homo rudolfensis, Middle Homo , Homo ergaster, Homo erectus , Homo heidelbergensis, Why Did Humans Spread Out of Africa?, Late Homo, Neanderthals and Other Archaic Humans, Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens
• Human Diversity: Theories on Human Diversity, Out of Africa Theory , Genetic Evidence , Fossil Evidence , Cultural Evolution: Evolution of Cultural Behavior, Social-Life, Parental-Care, Pair-Bonding, Subsistence, Views/Interpretations/Models of Subsistence in Homo, Rise of Hunting, Tools, Environmental Adaptation , Symbolic Thought, Language, Art, Domestication, Agriculture, and the Rise of Civilizations, Effects of Food Production on Human Society,

Guiding Principle #8:

          From fossil evidence a particular specimen develop over a long period of time then is confronted with a crisis, and in a relatively short time that species passes away and adapts to the environment by replication itself

          "...one fragment lays foundation for the next."

Guiding Principle #9

Productive Forces and the Relations of Production

• [1] The productive forces determine the development of the relations of production
• [2] A contradiction arises and intensifies between the constantly growing productive forces and the relatively stable relations of production
• [3] The contradiction is resolved through a replacement of the old relations of production with new ones, which correspond to the grown productive forces
• [4] The relations of production have an active influence on the development of the productive forces: new ones accelerate, an obsolete ones obstruct their development

Guiding Principle # 10

Socio-Economic Formation

• [1] Interconnection of the main elements
• 1.1. In the social production of their existence, people inevitably enter into definite relations, which are independent of their will, namely relations of production appropriate to a given stage in the development of their material forces of production
• 1.2. The totality of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure an to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness
• 1.3. Main elements
• 1.3.1. Superstructure
• 1.3.1.1. Ideological relations and the views and theories connected with these (political, legal, ethical, aesthetic, philosophical, religious, etc.) in the society
• 1.3.1.2. Institutions and organizations corresponding to these views: the state, political parties, social organizations, etc.
• 1.3.2. Basis
• 1.3.2.1. Totality of relations of production among people in the course of the production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of objects of material value
• 1.3.3. Productive forces
• 1.3.3.1. The means of production created, inherited, stolen, etc., by society
• 1.3.3.2. The people who operate the means of production

Guiding Principle #11

• [2] Elements of the labor process
• 2.1. Purposeful activity
• 2.1.1. Labor is a process in which both humans and nature participate and in which humankind, of its own accord, starts, regulates, and controls the material reactions between itself and nature
• 2.2. Object of labor
• 2.2.1. An object of labor is anything at which human labor is directed: the land and the mineral and other resources, plants, and animals, diverse materials, etc.
• 2.3. Instruments of labor
• 2.3.1. An instrument of labor is a thing, or a complex of thin, which the laborer interposes between her/himself and the subject of her/his labor, and which serves as the conductor of her/his activity.
• 2.4. Summation
• 2.4.1. the unity of the object of labor and the instruments of labor equals the means of production

Humankind must first of all eat, drink, have clothing, have shelter, have the capacity to heal themselves, be able to save knowledge for transmission to the young before it can pursue politics, sciences, art, religion, etc., that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, legal conceptions, art and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.

In the evolution of social production from hominid, to human with tool, to human in forced manual labor, to human with machine, to mechanical labor, to semi-automated machine labor, to automated machine labor and in present to computer automated machine production, when there was a revolution in how humans produced the necessities of life there was also a revolution in who got what and why, i.e, the political and social systems that were scaffold around the economy, and technological means.

When these technological mean, i.e., technologies, instruments of production, tools, and expert skills are transformed fundamentally means, the whole society is transformed. Even the well known dissolution of the village community, its transition into small towns, and ultimately the evolution of towns into metropolitan cities was the inevitable process of social urban development resulting from developments in production quality and quantity and the resulting evolution of population sizes, division of labor composition and relationships to the means of production. e process of development is the life cycle and life span of a society as it goes through its necessary stage birth, growth, development, decline, death and replacement by a higher society. The driving force in any society is essentially the revolutionization in the technology, which necessitates changing the economic system of production, the political and social systems of who gets what and why.

If allowed to go through all the internal stages social production without external forces acceleration decelerating or destroying the formation, societies all have an internal mode of development which moves from birth, growth, and ultimately to decline and replacement by a higher mode of production and thus a higher society. In short, one mode of production supersedes another; and no indigenous society has ever advanced into a higher society without first using up all of its productive possibilities, moving into a period of decline, or an epoch of decline, fighting for existence, regressing, decomposing and finally having its most useful qualities sublated and used by the new for of society supercedes or replaces it.

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