There was a time when there was no state.  It appears wherever and whenever a division of society into classes appears, whenever exploiters and exploited appear.  When there were no classes in society people labored in conditions when the productivity of labor was still at its lowest, and when populations could barely procure the wherewithal for the crudest and most primitive existence, a special group of people whose function is to rule and to dominate the rest of the society, had not and could not yet have emerged.

Only when the first form of the division of society into classes appeared, only when slavery appeared, when a certain class of people, by concentrating on the crudest forms of agricultural labor, could produce a certain surplus, when this surplus was not absolutely essential for the most wretched existence of the slave and passed into the hands of the slave owner, when in this way the existence of this classes of slave-owners was secure-when in order that it might take firm root it was necessary for a state to appear.

Classes appeared, everywhere and always, as the division grew and took firmer hold, there also appeared a special institution-the state.

The soul of the state mechanism is the interests of the exploiters.  All the organs of the state become ears, eyes, arms, legs, by means of which the interest of the owner hears, observes, appraises, protects, reaches out, and runs.

Forms of state in antagonistic societies

State is characterized by a ruling class that sets up the constitution, military, laws, courts, land jurisdiction, economy, social system, political system, mass media, education, all superstructural institutions in its own interest and image: The United States is a white, capitalist, male, Western, English military dictatorship which was organized in the interests of this one race, class, sex, ethnic group, and culture.  All policy/government decisions must reflect this objective fact of history.

Modern Forms of Government

• Monarchy/Absolute/Constitutional (overt feudal dictatorship)
• Republic/Parliamentary/Presidential (covert capitalist dictatorship)
• Republic/Parliamentary/Presidential/Socialist (overt Communist dictatorship)

Political Regime

Liberal-democratic methods of government/Military dictatorship /Fascist dictatorship.

Modern State system

Unitary/Federal

The form of the state is determined by the concrete balance of class forces in the country, its historical traditions and national peculiarities

What form of state does the USA have in 2007?/What is the balance of class forces?/What is its historical tradition?/What are the specific, concrete, national peculiarities? Whites are in charge; white men are in charge; Western culture via Greece, Rome, and England are in charge; the English ethnic group is in charge; capitalists are in charge. 

Autocracy, constitutional monarchy and republic are mere different forms of class struggle; and the Kas of history are such that each of these forms passes through different stages of development of its class content, and the transition from one form to another does not (in itself) at all eliminate the rule of the former exploiting classes under the new integument

Internal functions of the capitalist state

The ruling exploiter class administers all aspects of life in the society in accordance with its own class interests:

1. Coercive (main function)/defense of private property/suppression of action by /maintenance of an order which suits the ruling class
2. Ideological/Education of the people in a spirit of patience, submissiveness, and a belief that the existing order is ‘rational'/Economic Solution of economic problems in the interests of the ruling class

External functions of the capitalist state

In its relation with other states the state defends the interests of the ruling class, the capitalists:

• Military-Political-expansion of the sphere of domination, including seizure of foreign territories and national resources
• Economic-development of trade and economic ties with other states in order to enrich the exploiter class (relations with Africa, Asia, South America)
• Foreign Policy-defense and expansion of its sphere of domination
• Ideological-spread of ideology substantiating the claims of the exploiter class to world domination.

Capitalist Society Today

Today, we have a world market with exchange based on value. Suddenly, there is a flood of electronically produced consumer goods that are no longer exchangeable on the basis of how much human labor has gone into their production. How long can you exchange a car made by labor with an identical car made by robots? One car was made in one quarter of the time of the other. Since they are identical, it would appear that they could be exchanged one for the other. The exchange means that the value of the labor produced car has to sink to the production cost of the other. In this process the value of human labor sinks below the cost of its production. The immediate visible results are the advanced sector of the world turning to electronics, displacing the workers and condemning them to poverty. On the other hand, the more economically backward sector is being worked to death at starvation wages trying to compete.

Computerized production is making fifty cars with five workers. Fifty industrial workers are making five cars. The workers cannot reproduce their wages. Therefore, the capitalist class in the advanced countries are getting wealthier and the people of the earth who cannot afford or are not involved in technology are getting poorer. 

The rapid rise/intensification of ethnic, race,  struggles reflect the attempts of the capitalists of the weaker nations to secure a market for their industrial production. This is an attempt to protect themselves against the onslaught of technologically produced commodities that are absolutely necessary to humanity. Yet they are becoming increasingly unavailable even as they become increasingly cheaper to produce. People do not have the money to buy them.