 PLANTING AND BIRTH OF WHITE SOCIETIES IN NORTH AMERICA SECTION 1---FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES Land, Labor, and Money-Capital How things begin tell us how they in most cases end. Study of the founding of the United States will
show predicatable patterns of behavior which will provide insight into how the founding race/class/culture will treat other
populations when their society is in near collapse. In
the 1600's European feudalism was on its death bed. Study carefully what the whites did, the invasion, genocide,
extermination, kidnapping, rape, capture, enslavement---hundreds of years of mass murder under the banner of democracy.
White genocide of indigenous
peoples, and the enslavement of millions of Africans paved the way for the capitalist form of society to develop in North
America. Whereas most indigenous
populations, in the process of social production, evolve internally through a succession of societies such as communal,
slave, feudal, capitalist and socialist based on revolutions in their productive forces, others can be transplanted[1] to another geographical location. The social ingredients for the modern capitalist society was transplanted,
imported, on to what Europeans called the North American continent.[2] Historically,
capitalist development begins with a period of primitive accumulation of capital. Though not identical for each capitalist
specimen, the general social laws of development for the capitalist mode of production are the same. Given that some
capitalist societies are transplanted, the form in which these laws assert themselves change. Primitive accumulation
is the creating of the necessary conditions for the origin of the capitalist mode of production.[3] The forceful separation of the direct producers from the means of production and the concentration of
the latter, along with vast sums of money, land, and precious minerals in the hands of a few and the conversion of these into
capital is so called primitive accumulation.
Indigenous capitalist societies require two primary elements: (1) personally free workers who have no tools and are desperate
to work for necessary subsistence in the form of wages, and (2) an accumulation of wealth by the owners of the means of production
necessary to establish large-scale enterprises.[4] When an entire capitalist society is transplanted onto a land mass inhabited by another population
with a different form of society and at a different stage of development the new formula must include a whole series of preconditions.
[5] In contrast to the indigenous English transformation,
the fledgling transplanted white capitalist class on the North American continent created not only the framework for profit
first by (1) stealing an entire continent of over 3,700,000 square miles, (2) kidnapping and enslaving millions of African
workers, and stealing gold, but they also had to (3) import an industrial apparatus for the mechanical production of commodities.
Finally, they had also to create (through sexual reproduction and immigration), an all-white home market for the production,
distribution, exchange, and consumption of commodities that had their origin in raw materials
produced by enslaved African. Stage
one in this process was to clear the land of its indigenous 15,000,000 nonwhite population.
SECTION 2---STAGE 1: CAPTURE AND
CLEARING OF ENTIRE
NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT 2.1 White Genocidal Siege in North
America as a Means to Settle
Initially, John Smith and a crew of 105 cavaliers in three ships landed on the coast of what became called Virginia.
They started the first permanent English settlement in what became called Jamestown (James City) on May 13, 1607. In
a few centuries, 3,700,000 square miles of land would be wrestled away from indigenous peoples. By the end of the 19th
century, 98 percent of the original population had been exterminated by whites, and only a few relatively small concentration
camps (reservations), were left in tact.[6] In almost no time,
Spain had a "New Spain", England had a "New England", France had a "New France", the Scottish
had a "Nova Scotia", Denmark had a "New Netherlands", and the Swedes and the Finns even had a "New
Sweden".[7] This process of settlement was yet another standard operating procedure.[8][9] All whites with access to ships, guns, swords, and iron shields could sail the Atlantic and the
Pacific in search of lands to be conquered and resources to be stolen and plundered.
Because the whites were migrating from one land mass to another they had to identify, make contact, map the land, survey,
penetrate, claim the land, secure the land, establish ports, solidify beachheads, fortify, establish colonies, establish towns,
integrate networks of towns, then build cities, then integrate networks of cities, provinces, states, confederations, two
nations, federations, and finally a single national republic.
There were only four historical alternatives open to the migrating white populations after the period of interpenetration:
1) integrate, equally, the red population with the invading white population, (2) clear indigenous populations from the land
by rounding them up into concentration camps---reservations---for use as the agricultural, then later industrial labor force
and home market; (3) exterminate whole indigenous populations and import ready-made a white labor force and thus create an
all white homemarket; (4) utilize a mixture of the three. Not able to enslave the indigenous Chechimecans, and
not willing to live with them, the whites systematically exterminated them as a rule of thumb.
For England, after breaking Spanish naval control of the Atlantic Ocean by
smashing the Spanish Armada in 1588, the continent of North America became the dumping ground for undesirable, nonproducing-nonconsumers,
and consuming-nonproducers in the 17th century in much the same way that Australia served this role in the 19th century.
These Europeans were not traveling 1800 miles to trade. They had nothing to trade. White mercenaries, conquistadors,
pirates, and other crooks commissioned by kings, lords, and the Church stole, enslaved, conquered and pillaged to keep the
white feudalistic aristocracy in tact. All white "trade and commerce" with the original inhabitants of the
Western Hemisphere was nothing more than a means to raiding, plunder, and looting.
From 16th century slow carts of Argentine pampas drawn by pairs of oxen, to the caravans of mules from Iberian America, and
finally to the westward moving covered wagons of the 19th century, Europeans methodically seized all of the land that they
had the material means to secure. In the process, indigenous populations were hunted, harassed, and run into the ground
"like wild animals".[10] Although Cabot in 1498,
Drake 1579, Raleigh in 1585 and 1587, tried vainly to establish initial colonies in North America, each failed. In 1607
the English sent three ships, the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery with a party of
102 to a landing site which was roughly 100 miles north of Raleigh's Roanoke venture of 20 years earlier. This was
to be called the Jamestown colony. After Jamestown, the second English settlement took root 13 years later, when a group
of Puritans Separatists established a small colony at Plymouth, on the coast of what is now Massachusetts. Ten years
later, in 1630 another large group of Puritan settlers established the Massachusetts Bay Colony at Boston. And within
a decade English settlements were spreading throughout what they called New England.
English whites who invaded North America were looking for a place to stay---living space.[11] Unlike earlier murderous white Spaniards in Central and South America, conquest for the English was
a means and an end. The end was land settlement. Whereas Spaniards settled only as a means to conquer, England
conquered only as a means to settle. From 1622 during Openchabcough' uprising, Pequot War 1637, King Phillip's
War 1675, and Yamasee War 1715, indigenous Chechimecans fought sectional wars over land that Europeans were invading.
This process was, however, too slow and inefficient for the white settlers who needed larger and larger tracts of land to
plant their colonies. 2.2 Death Marches,
and Concentration Camps to Exterminate
From the English Colonial Period (1607-1789) to the Treaty Era (1789-1871) to the Assimilation Era (1871-1934) and finally
to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the white strategy of land theft has been to routinely seize land by whatever
means necessary. Sword, gun, cannon, small pox blanket[12], unequal trade, deceitful treaty, reservation, legislative acts of congress, and executive orders were only
means to that end. Starting with:
(1) the Treaty of Delaware 1778, through (2) the Treaty of Ft. Stanwix 1784, to 1786 when (3) the Secretary of War was made
responsible for indigenous Chechimecan affairs, to (4) the Northwest Ordinance 1787 which accelerated westward expansion of
settlement by organizing western territories for white populations---the overriding purpose of all of these measures were
to facilitate taking as much land, in the least amount of time, with the lowest number of white casualties. When the
Mexican-American War was fought (1846-1848) it became obvious that whites would not rest until the entire North American continent
was under their ownership. The treaties
that were signed were mere cease-fires, i.e., they were signed by whites in order to buy time for English reinforcements.
When the necessary military wherewithal was garnered, and land demands intensified, the treaties were deceitfully broken.
From 1814 to 1832, whites took over four-ffifths of Florida and Alabama, one-third of Tennessee, two-fifth of Mississippi,
Kentucky, North Carolina, and Georgia.
Next, trade in North America, especially when whites began to rapidly expand westward, became outright theft at the barrel
of a gun. Superior force allowed Europeans to take whatever commodities from indigenous populations that they wanted.
Next, the land was captured and, the remaining remnants of indigenous Chechimecans were herded into filthy concentration camps
(reservations). In the process indigenous Chechimecan societies were devastated and retarded. Oklahoma-Indian
territory, Wild River, Fort Peck, Pyramid Lake, Jicarilla Apache, Mescalero Apache, Fort Belknap, Standing Rock, Warm Springs,
Menominee, Crow, Colville, Klamath, Navaho, Hopi, Sisseton, and Uintah Uncompahgre---these were the names given to the 19th
and 20th century concentration camps that different tribes and nations of indigenous Chechimecans were herded into.
Whites, then were free to move westward and stake their claims to all of the stolen land that they could defend. With the establishment of the Office of Superintendent of
Indian Trade 1806, Treaty of Indian Springs 1825, Indian Removal Act 1830, Supreme Court case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
and Worcester v. Georgiathe process of removal of indigenous Chechimecans from their lands had become standardized.
Whether they were thought to be "civilized" as in the case of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Seminole or not, they
had no rights to the land and thus had to be removed so that white populations could have all of their land and water resources.
The Choctaw and Chickasaws signed agreements
with the white giving up their land and allowing the whites to remove them to reservations in the west. They were promptly
marched to their death as thousands died of over-exposure, diseases, starvation, and fatigue resulting from being forced to
walk for hundreds of miles in the dead of winter. After having fought whites since the time of Columbus, the Spanish,
Dutch, French, English, and "Americans, by 1832 most of the Creek Nation had sold out, and had become hired killers for
whites in wars against Seminoles in Florida. In return, these white promised them special land favors, i.e., that their
families could remain in Alabama with protection by the murderous white federal army. As these mercenary Creeks
fought the Seminoles on the side of the white army, whites burned their crops, looted, defrauded, sold their children whiskey,
pillaged their villages, raped their women, seized their lands, parceled them out to whites by way of land lottery, and drove
Creek families from their homes into the swamps, woodlands, and forests.
The Seminole Wars began in 1818. Andrew Jackson and a gang of white murderers plowed through Georgia and Alabama until
they reached the boarder of Florida. When Seminole villages refused to surrender, these whites unmercifully torched
each village, burned crops, raped women and children, and carried out other overwhelming acts of terror in-order
to strike fear in the hearts of Seminoles as to scare them off of their own land. But the Seminole Nation, including
hundreds of Africans who had escaped white slavery, did not scare easily. While the Seminoles bravely fought
using guerrilla war tactics for nearly 10 years, they finally lost their will to fight, were driven into the swamps and were
exterminated one by one. They too made the error of signing treaties, and agreeing to negotiate with murderous white
land-seekers. Using a tactic that Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr., would teach African Americans to use in the 1950's, the Cherokees were nonviolent.
They allowed whites to burn down their villages and towns, ravage their crops, burn schools, rape defenseless
Cherokee women and children, mutilate Cherokee men. The results were, however, the same.as in the
case of the Creek and the Seminoles. Cherokees were expelled and marched to their death after their newspapers
were suppresed, their governments were disolved, missionaries were jailed, crops were burned, women were rounded up and raped,
their schools were burned, their property was seized, liquor was being sold in their churches to render them defenseless,
and finally their land was also siezed by the whites and parceled out to other whites by way of land lottery.
And yet, these Cherokees continued to follow a policy of nonviolence.
Following Jefferson's earlier suggestions to evict the indigenous Chechimecans and march them to the western side of the
Mississippi, on October 1, 1838 forced removal, at bayonet point, of over 21,000 nonviolent Cherokees began. Legislative
acts were passed, treaties were signed. All of the legal means of trickery and deceit available to whites were employed
toward one primary aim: capturing land. This was standard operating procedure for whites. Those
original owners of the land, the indigenous populations, were required to abide by the laws that the invading whites made.
Those who resisted were shot on the spot. The remaining children, women and men were marched to their deaths, barefooted
in the cold of winter. Those few (less
than 3% of the Cherokee Nation) who survived these "Trails of Tears", were then marched to their new concentration
camps, (reservations), and put on display for modern white tourists. Their social, cultural, economic, and political
development was stopped, stunted, and even retarded. This process was yet another standard operating procedure
by other European settler colonies in South Africa[13], Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Pacific Island, and other places around the world. By 1887, the Dawes Servility Act (General Allotment Law) opened
the flood gates for further westward land grabbing by whites. Finally, in 1890, the massacre of 200 Sioux, exclusively
women, children, and babies, at Wounded Knee was the anti-climatic culmination of the European war against indigenous North
Chechimecans. It was a watershed event in North American history because it effectively ended the arm resistance phase
of the indigenous Chechimecan struggle to hold on to their lands. Superior military force and germ-warfare had prevailed.
2.3 Biological Warfare as a Means of Extermination Earlier, emphasis was made on the superiority of European
means of destruction as the key to the establishment of newly planted capitalist social formations around the world.
The means of destruction were the difference between capitalism and feudalism winning out over communalism and slavery.
But the rate of this process was determined throughout the world, as we will see, by another factor. No doubt the science of killing is necessary if one population
is to over-run another. Whites understood this from centuries of feudal wars. Even today world military powers
such as Russia and the United States understand this all too well as their nuclear arsenals combined can destroy the world
58 times over. However, in taking North America, it was not simply a matter of the basic physics of sheer volume, strength,
and weight of brute military force. Such a elementary arithmetic process would not have cleared the land of over 15
million indigenous Chechimecans and limited reproduction as quickly and as efficiently as is evident today. Although moving projectiles in the form of iron bullets
and iron cannon balls are more advanced destructive forces than hand thrown wood spears, in both cases killing is a simple
arithmetic equation: one bullet=one dead red unit; one spear=one dead white unit. The group that fatally hits the most
human targets in the shortest period of time ultimately ends the most lives of their opponents. This is a question of
basic subtraction. On the other
hand, lethal diseases in the form of viruses, bacteria, and parasites imported from Europe spread death to densely
populated regions of North America with geometrical rapidity. Germ warfare was introduced when the first
European realized that "gifts" in the form of blankets could be used as vectors for the premeditated spread of the
fatal small pox virus among populations who had not built up an immunity to it.[14] A quick perusal of P.M. Ashburn's The Ranks of Death: A Medical History of the Conquest of America,
and Alfred W. Crosby Jr.'s The Colombian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, would shed more
light on this process as a whole. Without
firing one gun or cannon, whole red populations, ranging from Alogonqin, Cree, Assiniboin, Arikaree, and Gros Venres, Pawnee
to Choctaw were dispensed with in a matter of months after one member of the population had been exposed to the deadly virus.[15] Therefore, one exposure of smallpox in a densely populated area resulted in hundreds of thousands
of deaths.[16] This was a geometrical process, and as such is the key to the rate of land clearing. Small pox, measles, leprosy, venereal diseases, typhoid, influenza,
dysentery, yellow fever, were list of diseases which were drawn up in Europe but applied elsewhere with variation. Subsequently,
the primary weapon in the accelerated expropriation of indigenous Chechimecan was the first conscious mass scale use of germ
warfare in world history. Even if the invention of the gatlin rapid fire machine gun had been a hundred years earlier,
the degree, and scope of European annihilation and succession of host populations would have still not compared with that
mass extermination brought about by infectious diseases. Whites used germ warfare as a military weapon on indigenous
populations who, through their long period of isolation, had not developed immunities to diseases brought into the Western
Hemisphere by whites. Today, South Africa
stands in stark contrast to the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, not because of its lateness of white settlement,
or savage history of inhuman rights. All of the latter utilized the same Hitler-like extermination procedures, only
earlier and of a longer, less concentrated, time frame. South Africa is different because its white settler population
never made in-roads into the largely African population and thus never ceased being an overwhelming minority.[17] Therefore, along
with other unnatural accelerators of mortality, diseases shortened the period necessary for the clearing away of indigenous
populations and their subsequent replacement with European populations. In depopulating Australia, invading Europeans
merely utilized the standard operating procedure for land clearing used in North America with minor adaptation. As opposed
to small-pox transmitted via blankets which came to be death-gifts to defenseless indigenous North Chechimecans, the English
settlers (initially, prisoners colonies) in Australia used small-pox scabs kept moist in glass jars. This was premeditated
genocide on the part of white settlers.
In addition to the above, alcohol, and white missionary activity also had significant physiological, political, and psychological
implications in helping to render indigenous Chechimecans defenseless against the onslaught of whites. From carrot
to stick, good cop to bad cop, treaty to war, co-existence to extermination whites did everything witihin their power to annihilate
the nonwhite population and completely seize their land. In a relatively short time the white population had murdered,
cheated, robbed, and enslaved its way to complete ownership of half of the world's land mass---the entire Western Hemisphere.
SECTION 3---STAGE 2: KIDNAP, MASS TRANSPORT, AND ENSLAVE ENTIRE AFRICAN WORKING CLASS 3.1 Subsistence To Commodity
Production After countless
failures to colonize North America, by 1607 a colony of whites at Jamestown struggled to survive. If it were to escape
the fate of earlier settlement attempts, profitable labor processes had to immediately begin to first produce (1) subsistence
and then (2) surplus so that the newborn colonies could get off the life support systems that span over 2500 miles of umbilical
cord leading to the mother countries in Europe. As a basis for all social development in North America, African
labor power, in its initial indentured form, and, most importantly, in its pure enslaved form, was the primary production
source that stood these white societies on their feet economically.
Once on its feet as a young social system with mechanized industrial production at the nucleus, social relations of production,
distribution, exchange and consumption systems were adapted from stolen raw materials. Those stolen materials
included: (1) indigenous Chechimecan land, (2) African labor power and (3) money-capital in the form of gold and silver or
other precious mineral resources. 3.1.1
Commodity Production In White Colonies
First, land is the quintessential natural
resource for land based animals---a locus standi for laboring populations and a place of employment for their conscious
productive activity. From land,
humans produced subsistence and later surplus. Surplus production in the form of commodities is the basis of exchange
value. Humans trade exchange-values. Commodities are fundamental units for trade. Huge volumes of commodities
are essential for world trade. Commodities exchanged in an open market for money capital is the opening act of the capitalist
(Money---Commodity---Money') cycle. Without commodities there is no capitalism. Commodities must be produced
by some power source. Prior to the advent of large-scale machine production only manual labor power was in abundant
supply wherever there were large defenseless human populations. Take away labor power and one must take away commodities,
exchange, trade, and commerce---the very foundation of the capitalist mode of production.[18] Initially with land on the eastern seaboard of
North America claimed and cleared of host populations in North America, agricultural cultivation for subsistence and then
surplus product had to begin. For this a dense, mass energy source had to be secured, harnessed, and put to work for
the relative benefit of an all-white: (1) class of feudal lords, (2) capitalist class, and (3) homemarket in Europe.
Land tracts were large, thus the volume of crop production would be enormous if a large enough power source could be harnessed
to work the land. Mechanical instruments and steam, fossil fuel, large scale machines, and electric power sources would
not be in existence for another 250 years.[19] 3.1.2
Manual Labor Power The wealth
of those European societies in which the capitalist system began to prevail, presented itself as "an immense accumulation
of commodities." Labor power, in the beginning stages of small scale capitalist production, is the foundation of
the manual production of commodities.
In the 17th century labor power was the supreme mode of extracting raw materials from the land. Horsepower may have
served as a valuable means of transport, but human labor power was so versatile that one day it could be hitched to the plow
in the absence of a beast of burden and the next, employed picking up horse manure for sale in the market place as fertilizer
or fuel. But more importantly, with regard to capitalist production, without labor power there was no product with use
value at this stage and later no cash commodity with use and exchange value for intercontinental trade and commerce purposes.
Land, once seized, then, was not enough.
The stolen land had to be cleared, trees had to be cut, swamps had to be drained; ditches had to be dug, canals had to be
cleared, wild animals had to be domesticated; staple foods had to be planted, harvested and processed; cotton for clothing
had to be planted, harvested and packaged; gold and silver, which served as money capital and the supreme equivalent means
of commodity circulation had to be mined; roads and canals had to be dug.
As a result, a source of labor power had to be identified, captured, harnessed and consumed in an intense 250 year process.
3.1.3 Human Labor
Power (Work=FxS) Work, the production
of material goods, is the fundamental determining force of the progressive development of any society. It is the conscious
activity of humans in the course of which they form and adapt natural objects and resources in order to satisfy the basic
necessities of life and then branch out into the production of luxuries.
Specifically, work is done when a force moves an object. The amount of work is measured by the strength of the force
times distance moved (W=FxS). The distance is measured in the direction in which the force acts. In order to do
work the unit must have energy. Energy is the ability to do work. Energy takes many forms but the primary form
in the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th century was that extracted from muscle motion: manual labor power. The rate of application of energy to do work is power, i.e.,
the amount of work done divided by the time taken to do work. When labor power is factored in the cost equation for
the production of a manually created commodity, it becomes the chief unit of outlays. If it is free labor, the owner accumulates
all of the returns from the application of this labor power for the production of a commodity and thus has only the requirement
of making sure the unit of labor power is in a condition that it can be used over and over again. A work day has its
limits of 24 hours. 3.2 Surplus Production and Capital Production of a surplus unit, in the form of a commodity,
was the initial moment of the trading process. The circulation of commodities is the starting point of capital.
The production of commodities, their circulation and that more developed form of their circulation called commerce, these
form the historical basis from which modern capitalism rose.[20] Labor cost per unit
production, especially in precious mineral extraction and basic agriculture were the basis of capital investment in this period.
European populations had to eat, wear clothing, and have a universal money-commodity which would allow them to trade for any
other use value that they needed. Reduce or replace labor costs all together and surplus value can be turned into immense
profits to the owners of the means of production.
Throughout history, wealth has been accumulated by: (1) laboring one's self, (2) forcing someone else to labor,
(3) stealing ready-made commodities from defenseless populations or (4) inheriting what others had produced or secured from
a combination of the initial three. There were no other means. Any emerging capitalist modes of production, in
the process of erecting an economic basis, homemarket, and capitalist superstructure utilizes all four, but utilizes them
in a particular order. From the
moment that one acre of land had been seized from its original owners these measures were implemented to facilitate the transition
from subsistence existence to the production of exchange value. 3.3 Demand
For Labor Power in North America
Between the pioneers of English colonization, Sir Humphrey Gilbert and his half-brother Sir Walter Raleigh, were 30 years
of fruitless attempts to colonize permanent settlement in North America.
In 1607, Jamestown was at the least as disastrous at that of its predecessors. Mortality was extremely high. For
17 years, one wave of white invaders after another attempted to make Jamestown a stable and profitable settlement. Every
effort failed. The colonies were, instead, a place of discord, violence, starvation, misery and death. More than
80 percent of those white invaders who settled in Jamestown died within a few years of their arrival.[21] In 1610, when Lord de la Ware arrived in Jamestown with 150 invaders, the few remaining earlier invaders
had already voted unanimously to return home to Europe. At this time, three short years after its founding, Jamestown appeared: rather as the ruins of some ancient fortification, than that any people living might now inhabit it. The palisades...torn
down, the ports open, the gates from the hinges, the church ruined and unfrequented, empty house (whose owners untimely death
had taken newly from them) rent up and burnt, the living not able, as they pretended, to step into the woods to gather other
firewood.[22] For all the ink wasted on fabricating illusions of European self-sufficiency, indigenous Chechimecans
kept them alive. Regardless of their supposedly strict moral codes and military regimentation, they still could not
produce what was necessary for their subsistence. One could be as strict as humanly possible and still starve to
death if there is no food or means to find any.
How did these white invaders in North America move from: (1) subsistence-negative (starving) to (2) subsistence and
then to (3) surplus production in less than 40 years, dating 1619-1650? After securing a land foothold, this is the
burning question that white populations had to answer as they invaded the North Chechimecan continent and began to settle
in what became called James City (Jamestown).
3.3.1 Initial Starvation of Europeans in North America
The Virginians (transplanted Europeans) of 1619 were desperate for labor power to grow enough food to stay alive.[23] Their initial concern was basic subsistence.
Among them were survivors from the winter of 1609-1610, the starving times when crazed for want of food, they roamed the woods
for nuts and berries, dug up graves to eat the corpses, and died in batches until five hundred colonist were reduced to sixty.[24] Because, initially, there were very few white women, the birth rate was negligible. White
invaders were desperate. "So lamentable is our scarcity," reported one colonizing invader, "that we are
constrained to eat dogs, cats, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides and what not."[25] Cited in Howard
Zinn's[26], A People's History of the United States, the Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia
is the document which chronicles the desperate nature of European cannibalism, how persons dug cave-like holes in the ground
to survive the winter. For all of their drivel about puritanical ethics and their play at civilization, white populations,
as would any other color population under similar circumstances, were reduced to eating each other---cannibalism: ...driven thru insufferable hunger to eat those things which nature most abhorred, the flesh and excrement of man
as well of our own nation as of an Indian, dug by some out of his grave after he had lain buried three days and wholly devoured
him; others, envying the better state of body of any whom hunger has yet not so much wasted as their own, lay wait and
threatened to kill and eat them; one among them slew his wife as she slept in his bosom, cut her to pieces, salted her and
fed upon her till he had clean devoured all parts saving her head....
This is how white "democracy" began. Early Europeans settlers in Virginia ate each other to stay alive.
They claimed that indigenous Chechimecans were savages. Yet, there they were, (before they could capture African
slave laborers to produce surpluses for them), eating each other. Inadequate food supplies led to starvation.
Malnutrition led to diseases for those who survived. Scurvy and dysentery resulted from parasitic diets and contaminated
water supplies. The damp cold winters amplified poor shelter conditions.[27] Obviously, the Europeans
in Virginia needed labor, to grow corn and other staple crops for subsistence and to grow tobacco for exports.[28]
[1]The fact that Europe not only transplanted white populations, culture and "western" values around
the world in the 16, 17, 18, and 19th centuries but also transplanted the embryo of emerging capitalist societies out of the
womb of decomposing feudalist societies is often overlooked in all of the literature which attempt to reflect the significance
of European colonization. In affect, European feudalist social formations negated an extended period of "dark age",
which always expresses itself with the ending of a society's life span, by exporting it to other land masses and on to
the backs of conquered populations around the world. In the process, even the embryo of the emerging cellular form of
the nascent capitalist social formation, the necessary social revolution, the consolidation of the capitalist class toward
the formation of a state apparatus in its own image and interest, the period of primitive accumulation of wealth, and the
forging of the capitalist mode of production was merely transferred, transplanted, on to other land masses. [2]What often gets lost in the fantastic stories surrounding individual revolutionary wars for colonial liberation
is the simple fact that these were transplanted battles between newly emerging capitalist classes and their feudalist sources
on the European continent. Logically, if this social excrement could have been confined to Europe these revolutionary
convulsions would have occurred with multiplied intensity on the European continent as opposed to on continental export outlets
for superfluous (under moribund feudalism) European populations around the globe. For a useful discussions of the social
context for various political revolutions see Andrew Wheatcroft, The World Atlas of Revolutions, New York: Simon and Schuster,
1983, pp.14-85. [3]See Karl Marl, Capital, Vol. I, International Publishers, 1967, pp. 667-670. [4]Even today as US multinational capitalist corporations rush to penetrate what was USSR, Eastern European socialist
nations (which are now capitalist Russia, and other petty white nations), and socialist China there fundamental demands before
joint ventures, expanded trade, capital-intensive investment and long-term loan can be finalized, so called "democratic"
changes have to occur. Markets must become "free", social welfare is smashed, and the capitalist class is
given a party platform from which to "liberalize" the entire societal superstructure so that public property can
again become unadulterated "private property". Unemployment, poverty, homelessness, discrimination, reactionary
nationalism are seen as the incidental side effect of open season on wealth accumulation for a few at the expense of the many. [5]Ibid., p. 668. [6]See Wilbur Jacobs, Dispossessing the American Indian, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972, pp. 126-150. [7]Ibid. [8]Ibid. [9]See Colin McEvedy, The Penguin Atlas of North American History to 1870, New York: Penguin Books, 1988, pp.
42-50. [10]Fernard Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life: Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol 1, New
York: Harper and Row, 1985, p.98 [11]Daniel, Clifton. Ed., Chronicle of America, pp. 45 [12]On July 13, 1763 at Fort Niagara Jeffrey Amherst, British commander of colonial forces on the Great Lakes frontier
openly proposed the small-pox blanket solution (a practice which had been in existence for decades) as a means of warfare.
Amherst, " wrote a vice commander, Colonel Henry Bouquet, advising him to try to inoculate Chief Pontiac rebellious Indians
with smallpox by means of infected blankets." See, Chronicle of America, p.119. [13]Bantustans, the white South African version of reservation were legislatively enacted in 1936 by South African
Parliament. It defined special areas called tribal reserves, within which the non-urban African population would be
confined. Millions of African families are torn apart yearly by the modern-day concentration camps in South Africa.
These camps were replicated using the United States and Australia as prototype. Bantustans are then linked with segregated
townships to form a hierarchical system of barren, overcrowded, impoverished concentration camps for black-skinned labor. [14]See Noel Butlin, Our Original Aggression, Winchester, Mass.:Allen & Unwin, 1983, pp. 11-41, and 63-87 for
a comprehensive discussion of the impact of diseases, infanticide, miscarriage, abortion, and resource depletion on Aboriginal
populations in Australia. He carefully compares this extermination process to other such cases around the world, including
the European settlements in North, South and Central America. By, utilizing demographic, and ecological modeling techniques
to reconstruct the probable quantitative population parameters for the Australian continent before European invasions in the
18th century, Butlin has established a systematic and replicable method for analyzing more accurately the social devastation
of diseases in the process of depopulating landmasses around the globe. [15]See E.W. Stearn, and A.E. Stearn., The Effect of Smallpox on the Destiny of the Amerindian, Bruce Humphries:
Boston Mass., 1945, p. 95. [16]Butlin, Our Original Aggression, p. 14. [17]Noel Butlin, Our Original Aggression, Winchester, Mass.:Allen & Unwin Inc., 1983, pp.11-12 [18]See Karl Marx, Capital, op. cit., pp. 43-87. [19]J.D. Bernal, Science in History. Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4,, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1972 [20]Karl Marx, Capital, op. cit., p. 145. [21]Jacques Legrand, op. cit., pp. 47, 49. [22] - Hugh Brogan, The Pelican History of the Untied States, New York: Pelican Books, 1987, p. 19.
[23]Ibid., p. 49. [24]Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 2005,
p. 24. [25]Jacques Legrand, op. cit., p. 49. [26]Howard, Zinn, A People's History of the United States. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 2005,
p. 24. [27]Ibid., p. 24. [28]See Joseph Boskin, Into Slavery: Radical Decisions in the Virginia Colony, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1966,
pp. 13-49.
 |
|
3.3.2 Why Africa,
Why Africans? In order to grow large volumes of tobacco
for inter-continental trade a series of well defined stages of agricultural preparation had to be operationalized: (1) land
had to be cleared, (2) swamps had to be drained, (3) soil had to be cultivated, (4) tobacco seeds had to be planted, (5) the
leafs had to be harvested, dried, packaged and stored on ships.[1] On the one hand, the most profitable growth of tobacco
demanded large estates, and plantations with free, plentiful, labor power. On the other hand, the English population
in North America was relatively small, wretched, malnourished and wanting to personally profit from the backbreaking cultivation
of tobacco. But they had guns, germs, and steel. They also were skilled in the art of war, the method of mass
killing, and the strategies of invasion. We infer from simple economics that the higher the manual labor costs, when
machine cost are absent from the equation, the lower the profits if the cost of raw materials and basic overhead is held constant.
Unpaid labor was required, and plenty of it.[2] [3] All modern European capitalist countries were built
on the enslavement of nonwhites. Not only the enslavement of Africans and their transport across the Atlantic (centering
on the Guinea Coast), but most of Europe's commerce was produced by the raw materials from slavery. Gold, silver
and other precious metals were stolen in genocidal raids of nonwhite nations around the world and forced labor of enslaved
nonwhite populations. Sugar cane was the primary commodity of the Caribbean. Africans who had been enslaved produced
all of the sugar cane and its byproducts. Shipments of sugar went to England as profits to white merchants; shipments
in the form of molasses went to New England in North America, to be made into rum. The islands grew very little of their
own food, so merchants found ready markets there for the produce of Ireland, Pennsylvania, New York and the New England fisheries.
Without the enslavement of Africans and other nonwhites the
sugar, gold, silver, indigo, cotton, rice, beets could not have existed and the North American colonies could not have developed.
In short, the labor question was raised and answered using the same standard operating procedures[4]that generally all European populations had applied to the question of indigenous Chechimecan land: steal it or "trade"
for it from a position of sword and gun strength.[5] As has been well documented in almost every type of modern American history textbook, all of the English attempts at
colonization in North America had failed miserably in the 16th century and beginning in the 17th.[6] Just as whites had stolen land in order to
"plant" their colonies in North America, they also kidnapped and murdered over 300,000,000 Africans in order to
build the economic infrastructure for their capitalist societies. If land colonized in North America was to produce
profits for England, labor was the only source for achieving that end. Initially, a system of white indentures were
applied to resolve the labor question, but it proved unprofitable. The white servants had to be replaced usually within
two to four years; they were disobedient, unreliable, and frequently ran away to settle land in the interior of the continent.[7] Since the time of Columbus, (1) excessive work, (2) diseases,
(3) starvation and (4) exposure had resulted in a mass holocaust of the once densely populated southwestern indigenous Chechimecan
societies to the extent that they could not serve as a reliably plentiful supply of slave labor. A mass source of
labor power, therefore, had to be sought outside of North America. To whites, India, China, and Africa all
fit this general criteria. Only Africa, however, was geographically, and historically most vulnerable and thus became
the reservoir from which to draw a mass labor force with minimum expense, risk, and time.[8] Whereas, in general, western Europe was leaving the feudalist
form of society, western Africa was entering feudalism, but entering it as a response to Arab invasions from the northeast
since 640ad.[9] Africans were in retreat, and have been in such a historical posture for the past 2700 years since the invasions and
subsequent annexation of Egypt (KMT) by Europeans, and Arabs.[10] As the Arabic invasion
into Africa was made easy by the devastation caused by Hyksos, Hittite, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans, the European
invasion was made easier as a result of the devastation caused by Arabs. By the time that the murderous whites from
Portugal, Spain, England, France, Germany, etc., began to explore the world in search of resources and means of economic survival,
the African had been forced to regress to the point where they could not defend themselves against any non-African enemy.
As the decadent Roman Empire rotted, the Arab conquest of Northern Africa was easy, following the following the death of Mohammad
in 632 b.c. By 640ad, the Arabs conquered Pelusium (near Suez) and defeated the Byzantine soldiers at Heliopolis.
This conquest was completed in 646 with the seizing of Alexandria, and KMT then became an Arab Islamic province.
The rise and expansion of Arab Islam was the most devastating destructive process to independent African cultural,
social, political, moral, and economic development since the murderous Romans made a granary out of KMT and closed down all
of the African-centered schools and temples. Within a remarkably short time, a new Arab-centered religion, and cultural
system of improving Arab cultural conditions was spreading throughout Africa, fashioned out of the stolen and perverted legacy
of Ancient African KMT, carried by semites who first blended in with Africans before they took them over and forced their
murderous way of life on them. The spread of Islam outside the Arabian peninsula began almost immediately after Mohammad's
death in 632ad, who, over a 21 year period claimed he saw visions in which the angel revealed to him messages from God.
The
Arabs carried out the murderous enslavement of Africans, destroying whole families, prostituting African women, changing African
names, desecrating and destroying African temples, destroying African buildings such as the great pyramids in order to capture
stones ans other building materials which went into building their mosques, and totally disrupting the African way of life
after they had first blended into the African population and gained converts to the Arab Islamic world view. Theses
Arabs fired by the religious belief that Allah was with them and they they were fighting for his cause conquered north Africa
with much ease. Black Africans fought with courage against the Arabs but resistance eventually weakened. Black
African were slaughtered, beaten raped, killed and enslaved by these Arabs.
With a sword to their necks, cut off from trade routes, surrounded by offspring of Arabs who had slithered into marrying members
of African royal families the Black African kings were converted to the Islamic faith. This was the beginning
of the end because once the leadership begins to convert themselves to an alien way of life, a non African centered way of
life, an Arab way of life, every thing that that African leadership did directed the mass of Africans toward building Arab
civilization as opposed to African civilization. African kings changed their African names to Arab names and started
to make pilgrimages to the Arab homelands and holy placers. as opposed to African homelands and holy places. In
no time Black Africa armies were forced to fight for the Arabs against other African who were non-believers in Arab Allah--Arab
culture. They had black skin and Arab minds. Most of these mercenaries were the bastardized offspring of the rapist
Arab invaders, and always embraced the new religion, names, clothing, language, means of transportation, beliefs, and way
of life of the invading Arabs over African ways of life. With
sword in hand, the Arab invasion of Africa was under taken by uncouth, nomadic Arabs tribes who lacked culture and were incapable
of recognizing African culture and beauty when they saw it. They destroyed, but never rebuilt Africa. They
forced Africans into the interior of the African Continent and even in the 1990's are still fighting wars in the Sudan
to further forced Africans off of African land so that Arabs, Arab culture, Arab civilization can replace the Africans, African
culture, and African Civilization. At the time the two Arabs tribe start leaving Kmt coming West (Africa) the Ghana
empire was at is peak and glory and powder a new empire was fast developing and it literally to swallow up the Ghana empire
an invading Arab forces. The Ghanaian African civilization was destroyed by Arabized Africans of the Mali Empire. The
Arabized Mali Empire was destroyed by the even more Arab-centered Songhey Empire, and the Songhey Empire was destroyed by
pure Arabs. Black Africa were initially protected
from their invasions by the Sahara. Along the east coast of Africa following the route of the Nile however, Islam spread
quickly. The Arab used many methods toward gaining control of African masses, African culture, and African civilizations.
The primary means was through race mixing, and culture mixing with "trade being the context. As these semites merged
into the African mass, culture, and civilization similar to the way that the AIDS virus disarms the immune systems in humans,
Arabs disarmed the the racial, cultural, and family immune systems of Africans. Arabs use may avenues of penetration
into the African mass, culture, and civilization: STAGE 1 (1) claiming brotherhood in
the process of trading what they had stolen from an earlier (further north) pillaged African civilization; STAGE
2 (2) wide spread marriage, integration, merging, STAGE 3 (3) developing
harems which prostituted African women and children and created a mixed race that sided with the Arab male invaders, STAGE
4 (4) raping African women in the process of raids, thereby producing a bastard mixed race of children that
grew up to become oppressors of Africans; STAGE 5 (5) breaking up, spreading out,
using massive guerrilla tactics in order to surround African cities and slowly strangle them to death with Arab ways of life;
STAGE 6 (6) penetrating under the guise of trade and commerce, establishing control of trade
routes, tightening control of life sustaining water and land routes, slowly moving the net around the African city toward
its center of African culture and scattering about in and round Northern and Eastern Africa to break up Roman authority; STAGE 7 (7) simple raiding, pilllage, burning, looting, murdering, harassing, slaughtering, quartering,
and enslaving defenseless Africans; STAGE 8 (8) during period of African crisis (weak
leadership, economic depression, political instability) whites and semites gradually moved inland, marrying into royal African
families, planting seeds of distrust, taking control of land that was not properly guarded, militarily cutting off northern
water and land routes, suffocating African economies, stifling African cultural development with white Christianity and Arab
Islam. With the Arab invasion came Islam, which like Christainity,
was forced upon the Africans. Europe, in a process of accelerated development on a relatively
small land mass had become more developed than Africa, especially with regards to its productive forces. Europe's
pace of development is important here. The preconditions requisite for such a rapid transition were: (1) the small and
compressed land masses, (2) combined with dense populations, (3) emerging revolutionary productive forces (both indigenous
inventions and transplants), and (4) economically polarized classes (extremes of poverty and wealth) which provided the social
combustion chamber for accelerated societal metabolism. The white human exhaust had to be released. It was.
The population pressures were released to the west and south, through the medium of ocean-based transport. From a technical
stand point Africa was therefore quite vulnerable, and essentially irresistible prey for Europe which had developed ( in the
process of centuries of intense internal wars, battles, and small spats) superior means of destruction, i.e., expert
killing methods, firearms, and far-ranging navies. In addition, in the process of degenerating European feudalist production,
invading white populations had developed a social understanding of the rewards[11] of pillage, rape, theft, and conquest. In the centuries
that would follow, advanced military force met the least possible resistance. The results were usually the same, with
only minor variations. From the stage of coastal pillage posts, to that of "annexation" by European international
agreements, followed by armed conquests, a profitable solution to their degenerating feudalist social systems was methodically
sought and forcefully achieved. [12] The purest form of surplus value production was needed: chattel
slavery. It is well known that black populations from Africa were the answer. What is important, however,
is the fact that it was not an accident that black populations were enslaved by Europeans and imported, even if the institution
of slavery would not be regularized and legalized in North America for several decades.
Because, by 1619, over 9,000,000 Africans had been murdered
in the process of capturing transporting 1,000,000 from Africa to South America and the Caribbean to work as slaves in Portuguese
and Spanish colonies. Since 1441, the Portuguese were kidnapping and enslaving Africans. The holocaust[13] of Africans had already begun centuries earlier than the degenerate variant which ensued on the North American continent.
Their use in North America was merely the tail end of the process by which England was to get rich from African slavery after
Spain and Portugal's wealth and power began to wane.[14] In sum, Africans had been stamped as slave labor by Arabs for
over 1000 years in east and northern Africa and 100 years by Europeans in west, central and northern Africa, specifically
by the Portuguese. Arabs were no more merely bringing Islam to Africans than were Europeans merely bringing Christianity.
Not to be overlooked is the degenerative affect of Africans capturing and selling each other into slavery. It must be
made clear that Europeans did not merely walk into Africa like one would walk into a grocery store and pick Africans off shelves.
There were class, tribe and national divisions in African societies which allowed outsiders to penetrate and play one African
of a certain tribe against one of another tribe.[15] The white invasion of west Africa began in 1441, when
Henry the Navigator, sought a route around Africa to rob Asians. Henry sent a mariner, Antonio Gonsalves, to capture
Africans and to bring back gold dust to Lisbon as a display of Africa's potential wealth. As the slave-owner
bought his horse, his slave laborers were purchased. By 1460, thousands of Africans who had been captured and enslaved
were entering Portugal each year. Africa was being raided so much by whites that by 1480, in Lisbon, enslaved Africans
outnumbered whites. For over 100 years, whites savagely snatched
babies from their mothers and women from their husbands. All along the African coast, whites established pillage
posts (forts) which allowed them to raid African villages, towns and cities at will. These white invaders referred
to this international crime as "trade". Decades before 1619, Africans had been identified, captured
in the interior, marched to the coast, sometimes over 800 miles away----shackled around the neck. They were then caged
off the coast, branded, shoved into pens until they were sold and then packed into the hulls of ships to be transported to
islands were they were made into brutes. The oceans-based transport to America lasted eight, ten, or twelve weeks.
As the conditions of the ship's hulls were unfit for human habitation, tens of millions would die from the mere trip alone.[16] The sick were thrown over board. When an African refused to eat the white men would break the teeth of the hunger
striker and force feed them. These Europeans developed kidnapping and enslavement into such a science that they could
estimate what percentage of the African cargo would be lost as a result of death by suffocation, disease, attempted
escape, or suffering. There was even insurrection insurance.
On the basis of savage practices and statistics published by insurance companies and slave societies, had developed
a precise theoretical knowledge of how long a slave would last under certain labor conditions. [17] Therefore, they organized the social consumption of forced labor in such a manner as to maximize productivity and profits.
This meant literally working Africans to death. 3.4 African Labor Consumption, and Reproduction
Once labor power, embodied in black African populations from what is now Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Ivory Coast,
Niger, Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Benin, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Niger, Nigeria, etc., had been captured, kidnapped,
and transported to its destination, it had to be dehumanized and made into slaves.
As a result, the Caribbean islands, a drop off point between Africa, North America, and South America became slave-making
factories where African men, women, and children were taught in the mines, on the ranches, and on the plantations of
Brazil, Spanish America and the sugar producing islands the savage life slavery.[18] Here African men, women and children had their spirits broken; even the inclination toward suicide was beaten
out of the African. Each night, rapist white men had their way with any African woman (married or unmarried, young or
old). By 1724, there were over 40,000 enslaved Africans
on the island of Jamaica to only 14,000 whites. So many African women were raped that the mixed offspring of the slavemaster
had a population doubling time that was shorter than the doubling time of the pure bred African population on the islands.
3.4.1 Working Africans to Death
After being broken in the slave-making factories on the Caribbean islands, millions of Africans were mass transported to North
America. Their port of call was an English settlement, Jamestown, the colony in Virginia. The ship's cargo
was African human beings. Their purpose was to labor without pay, human rights, education, family life, culture, or
respect until they dropped dead. In the 16th century over 887,500
enslaved Africans were imported to the western hemisphere; in the 17 century 2,750,000; in the 18th over 13,000,000, and in
the 19th century over 7,000,000 million. This does not include the over 21,000,000 Africans that were born through African
men and women having been bred like dogs and horses. It also does not include the white rapists offspring which was
also forced to work as slave laborers. This murderous process was raised to the level of a science: STAGE
(1) After whites have identified, captured and concentrated millions of Africans
at centralized locations, whites transport Africans to destinations in the Western Hemisphere; STAGE
(2) The social apparatus for the mass extraction of energy in the form of work is planned, built, and organized
for the exclusive benefit of whites and at the same time to the detriment of Africans; that apparatus
becomes known as chattel slavery and is consumed within an agricultural plantation systems; STAGE (3) Next,
whites become masters, Africans become slaves in all superstructural institutions within the society;
Africans are consumed in the labor process; millions of Africans die and are replaced by freshly enslaved Africans; STAGE
(4) Then a breeding system is instituted to accelerate the reproduction of necessary Africans for no extra
purchase costs; STAGE (5) Next, multiply the direct extraction and transference process
of energy from Africans to whites by 350 years; STAGE (6) Next,
multiply that total by another 150 years of indirect extraction and transference during colonization and neocolonization of
Africans and the Diaspora; STAGE (7) Finally, compute all of the surplus extracted
by whites as an inverse of Africans. This is at the foundation of Europe's wealth
and Africa's poverty in the latter half of the 20th century. If calculated considering (1) interest, (2) geometrical
leaps in African population demographics, and (3) inflation, the white race owes African in North America over $85 trillion
($85,000,000,000,000) in back wages. In a relatively
short time, given this period of production history, there was a rapid increase in the millions of pounds of tobacco which
were imported by England from North America. This was the primary cash crop for invading whites living in America.
It was the difference between starvation due the lack of products from the European continent, and the internal development
of an economy which would later become self-sufficient. Table 3.1 Imports of American Tobacco By
England
__________________________________
Year Millions of Pounds
__________________________________
1620
0.1 1630
0.5 1640
1.3 1672
17.6 1708
30.0 1722
35.0 1730
41.0 1740
41.0 1755
64.0 1760
85.0 _______________________________________
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical
Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times
to 1957, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
Printing Offices, 1960) From 1620 to 1630 only 400,000 extra pounds of tobacco was exported to England. By 1672,
over 17,000,000 pounds were exported annually. By 1760, less than one hundred years later, over 85,000,000 pounds of
tobacco was being shipped out of the colonies to England alone. With the steady increase in the volume of slave labor
consumed in the production process, there resulted a quantitative increase in millions of pounds of tobacco produced each
year. This is the secret to the accumulation of wealth for Europeans in North America after the land had been
stolen and secured. Enslaved Africans labored without any compensation
for hundreds of years to produces this commodity which was the initial economic basis of the United States. The white
population was merely organized around the administrative, transport, and accounting aspect of the tobacco business.
It contributed nothing of material substance to this process. White men merely held the whip, gun, or chain over the
laboring Africans. They built ships, captured slaves, sold slave, guarded slaves, and traded the tobacco that the enslaved
Africans produced. Even the tobacco that Africans produced was used as money, a medium of exchange, in the colonies.
Even the tax money that whites paid to keep civil governments functioning traced their economic roots to the backs of slaves.
In the final analysis, Europeans owe the abbreviation of their social productive development to Africans, without whom they
would have just begun industrialization in the latter half of the 20th century. [19][20][21] Table 3.2 also shows how the production of rice
showed a marked increase in much the same way that the production of tobacco did. This again can be attributed to the
back-breaking human labor required to till, plant, harvest and store the rice crop on behalf of European capitalist,
slave-masters, and their emerging white homemarkets. Table 3.2 Rice Exported From
Charleston, Virginia: (1716-1760)
(5 year Averages)
__________________________________
Year
Barrels
__________________________________
1716-1720 9,000
1721-1725 19,000
1726-1730 31,000
1731-1735 41,000
1736-1740 58,000
1741-1745 68,000
1746-1750 51,000
1751-1755 58,000
1756-1760 69,000
_________________________________
Source: Lewis C. Gray, History of Agriculture in
the Southern United States to 1860, Vol. 1
(Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institute, 1933) From 9000 barrels of rice produced in a five year period dating from 1716-1720,
transplanted Europeans in Charleston Virginia, alone, were exporting over 58,000 surplus barrels of rice to Europeans in Western
Europe 20 years later. Again, the Africans were being worked to death without any compensation. Not only was this
back-breaking work feeding Europeans in North America, but it was feeding them throughout the world.
The social existence for any population in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries was largely determined by agricultural
production. Transplanted whites' whole existence could be traced back to agricultural produce which they traded
with Western Europe for manufactured necessities of life. In essence, it was this unpaid labor which maintained all
the non-working members of society. Africans produced the surplus which was the basis of trade, commerce, and money for the
13 white colonies in what became called the United States. Therefore, the very foundation of primitive accumulation
of wealth, in the process of the land being stolen from indigenous Chechimecans, is African slavery. Without African
workers, whites in North America would have nothing to profitably trade with whites in Europe.
In addition to the above summary tables, the data listed in table 3.3 documents the value added in commodity production
by the four primary spheres of social production. It shows the importance of agriculture (the production of food and
fiber) in the development of the US economy. Although it begins with the year 1839, one can deduce from the earlier
discussion of the value of tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton production that, at one time, agriculture added 100 percent of
the value in this country. Table 3.3. Percentage Distribution of Value Added in Commodity Production
(Gallman's
Constant Dollar Series)
_________________________________________________________________
Year Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Construction
_________________________________________________________________
1839 71.9 00.7
17.4 10.1
1844 68.7 1.0
21.1
9.2 1849 59.7
1.1 29.5
9.8 1854 56.8
1.1 29.2
12.9 1859 55.5
1.2 32.2
11.2 ______________________________________________________________________
Source: Robert W. Fogel, Railroads and American Economic Growth:
Essays in Econometric History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1964). The value added by agriculture determined the value
added by manufacturing, mining and construction. Without agricultural production of subsistence and surplus units, there
would have been no economic medium of exchange which could command transfer of manufacturing, construction, and mining productive
forces from Europe. Even gold, the supreme money commodity, before 1849 was exclusively accumulated (when not stolen)
in trade of agricultural produce with Europe. In essence,
slaves are the key to the entire process of capitalist social development for Europe as it came out of decaying feudalism.[22] 3.4.2 Breeding African Human Beings
To manually produce more commodities with an enslaved labor force, one can do three things: (1) accelerate production; (2)
increase the duration of work; (3) increase the number of workers. European capitalists and slave-masters were already
working Africans as long and as hard as possible. This was a standard operating procedure. So only the
third method of increasing the volume of African laborers would effectively increase the volume of commodities. The
other two methods were constants. In order to increase
a human population, one can either import units from another land mass or breed the domestic population. The breeding
of human beings for the purpose of consuming their labor process in the production of surplus value (in other words, working
them to death to make a slave owner wealthy) is often glossed-over in most of the history books which claim to study the period
of African enslavement in North America. However, breeding became a lucrative business in and of itself. Marx
best summarized this process in all of its social dimension: The slave-owner buys his laborer as he buys his horse.
If he loses his slave, he loses capital that can only be restored by new outlay in the slave-mart. But the rice-grounds
of Georgia or the swamps of the Mississippi may be fatally injurious to the human constitution; but the waste of human life
which the cultivation of these districts necessities, is not so great that it cannot be repaired from the teaming preserves
of Virginia and Kentucky. Considerations of economy, moreover, which, under a natural system, afford some security for
humane treatment by identifying the master's interest with the slave's preservation, when his place can at once be
supplied from foreign preserves, the duration of his life becomes a matter of less moment than its productiveness while it
lasts. It is accordingly a maxim of slave management, in slave-importing countries, that the most effective economy
is that which takes out of the human chattel in the shortest space of time the utmost amount of exertion it is capable of
putting forth. It is in tropical culture, where annual profits often equal the whole capital of plantations, that Negro
life is most recklessly sacrificed.[23] In other words, if there were not enough slaves on the shelves of those great slave-shopping centers in the European
and Arab slave markets, breed your own in your backyard as you would breed dogs. This was American free market enterprise
at its best. This is the heritage of democracy: breeding and selling human beings on a "free market".
Being a cheaper process for securing unpaid human labor (because
it negates the cost and price of capture, trade and transport), Kentucky, North Carolina, Delaware, Missouri, Tennessee, and
especially Virginia were to become breeding grounds for home-grown slave labor power. In times of an expansive market
for slave-produced raw materials, (1) prolonged the work day, (2) intensify the labor process, and (3) reduce the rest periods---work
Africans to death.[24] This was Christian American civilization in the middle of the 19th century.
From 1619 to 1930 (if we include South Africa), European societies directly made their living by capturing, stealing, trading,
buying, selling, breeding, and raping, Africans, Indians (India), and indigenous Chechimecans.[25][26] The cycle was started with the African worker as the mainspring of the engine which set every wheel of manufacture
in motion. In the process, on an intercontinental scale, plantations would consume Africans, in many instances by working
them to death, so that textile mills in Europe and later in North America could consumed the raw materials. Whereas
plantations were the agricultural factories for the production of food, and clothing; mines were the factories for the extraction
of money-capital, the necessary money-commodity which establishes a foundation for a financial apparatus for a national economy.[27] In sum, slavery was the production of surplus value in its purest
form. In general, it was this unpaid African labor power which maintained and nurtured all the parasitic non-working
members of the society, and the fragile white working class. The state apparatus, colonial taxes, trade, commerce, arts,
sciences, culture, etc. all were paid from it's surplus production. On its scaffold, the entire existing capitalist
mode of production in North America found a base and ultimately came to life. In essence, whites owe African and
indigenous peoples trillions of dollars in unpaid labor time. 3.5 Conclusions
In the primitive accumulation of wealth in the United States by whites, the material basis for the founding of the American
capitalist was achieved by murderously capturing the land, and labor of Africans and indigenous Chechimecans for the purpose
of the production of surplus value and with it, the exchange value necessary to purchase the commodities which would transform
a manual labor agricultural society into a mechanical labor industrial society.
Over 300,000,000 indigenous Chechimecans and Africans were slaughtered to achieve these ends. Over 3,700,000 square
miles of real estate was captured in the process of intercontinental armed robbery. Over $85,000,000,000,000 in unpaid
labor power was soaked in the blood of over 40 million kidnapped, and enslaved African men, women, and children.
Since 1607, these are the primary elements which determined the planting and birth of the white capitalist society
that became the United States of America.
[1]Ibid. [2]Edmund Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, New York: W.W. Norton, 1975, pp. 18-107. [3]Basil Davidson, The African Slave Trade, Boston: Little & Brown, 1961. [4]George Padmore, Africa: How Britain Rules Africa. London: Wishart Books Ltd., 1936. [5]D.K. Fieldhouse, The Colonial Empires. New York; Delacorte Press, 1966. [6]Grover Clark, The Balance Sheets of Colonialism. New York: Russell and Russell, 1967. [7]Joseph, Boskin, Into Slavery: Radical Decisions in the Virginia Colony, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1966. [8]See Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Howard University Press: Washington, D.C., 1982, pp. 33-70. [9]Six hundred years before Europeans began their western trans-Atlantic slave trade, the Arab trade in African black populations,
from 650ad to 1900ad drained Africa of its resources, manpower and energy to the point that fragile west African societies
could not resist European |
