STAGE 1: INVASION, REGRESSION, DEATH, REBIRTH 1492
Development of the U.S. Capitalist Form of Society (F-SL-C)
FEUDALISM - 1492
Intense Invasion of Northern Hemisphere
by Columbus: The European feudalist societies were in crises; had gone throughout the process of birth, growth, development,
decline, and were in the process of dying and regressing back into the society that produced feudalism and slavery. Slavery
was imposed on whites by whites in the form of indentured slavery, then on Africans and non-whites after the period of invasion
and conquest. Mass transportation of white conquests from conquistadors searching for gold to seize was expedited. The Arawak
Indians welcomed Christopher Columbus while he took them prisoner and attempted to enslave them. A massive process of genocide
began with butchery, burning at the stake, looting, rape, and pillage as a primary means of exterminating the people from
the land. This opened the door for Portuguese, French, Dutch, Jewish, Arab, Russian, Prussians, Scottish, Swedish, Danish,
and English invasions around the world. Genocide of Indians continued.
English Invasion
In Jamestown, Invasion of North America Follows:
1492-1607 - Indentured
servants produced labor. Settlers attempted to enslave Indians, but this failed because they died due to exposure to European
diseases and inhumane conditions.
Summary: 1500 Arawak men, women and children
put in pens guarded by Spaniards and dogs, then picked 500 European men best specimens to load into ships of the 500, where
200 died in transit.
- Purpose of capturing men, women and children was that Columbus sent his
men out to find gold fields, they found none but had to return with something.
- It was considered
the European invasion of the Indian settlements in the Americas.
- The history of Columbus portrays
the treatment of heroes (Columbus) and their victims (Indians). The quiet acceptance of conquest and murder in the name of
progress. The process of racism, violence and discrimination.
- The Indian population of 25 million
that lived north of Mexico when Columbus came was reduced to less than 1 million from disease and other reasons brought by
whites.
- If there are necessary sacrifices to be made for human progress, is it not essential
to hold to the principle that those to bee sacrificed must make the decision themselves?
- The
Indian lifestyle where women were important and respected, they tended to crops and took general charge of the village.
- 1. Analysis: In 1492 European feudalism was in a stage of decay during its initial period of mass
intercontinental invasion, pillage, ad conquest. This agrarian system had gone through its natural process of birth, development,
decline, decay, and regression back into slavery. Starting in 1492, invading whites destroyed indigenous Chechimecan societies.
In the process the lands were cleared of their indigenous populations via massacre, wars, genocide, diseases, being worked
to death, mass herding onto reservation. White populations were then mass transported and transplanted onto North American
soil.
- 1.1. The European feudalist societies were in crises; had gone throughout the process
of birth, growth, development, decline, and were in the process of dying and regressing back into the society that produced
feudalism and slavery.
- 1.2. Slavery was imposed on whites by whites in the form of indentured
slavery, then on Africans and non-whites after the period of invasion and conquest. Mass transportation of white conquests
from conquistadors searching for gold to seize was expedited.
- 1.3. The Arawak Indians welcomed
Christopher Columbus while he took them prisoner and attempted to enslave them. A massive process of genocide began with butchery,
burning at the stake, looting, rape, and pillage as a primary means of exterminating the people from the land.
- 1.4. This opened the door for Portugese, French, Dutch, Jewish, Arab, Russian, Prussians, Scottish, Swedish, Danish,
and English invasions around the world. Genocide of Indians continued.
Judging from results,
Native culture was arguably more humane than that of the Europeans.
- The conquest of the native
population of North America cannot be justified on the ground of progress.
Central Facts:
Over 125 million native Chechimecans resided in the Americas in 1492.
- 15 million of
them were in North America alone based on statistical and theoretical verification between 1494 and 1508.
-The population of Hispanola was reduced from 8 million natives to only 60,000 natives.
-
The population of Haiti was reduced from 750,000 Arawaks to 500 between 1492 and 1550.
STAGE 2: KIDNAPPING, MASS TRANSPORT, MASS ENSLAVEMENT, RACIAL APARTHIED 1619-1965
System of Economic development based on African labor and stolen Chechimecan lands brought massive enslavement of
Africans to produce goods in the southern economy. The indentured slaves failed because slave labor was more profitable. The
servants teamed with landowners to steal land from the Indians.
Summary: 1619
slavery developed the color line, racism existed as a combination of inferior status and derogatory thought.
- Virginians needed people to tend to crops so black enslaved Africans were the answer.
-
African Americans seen as inferior because military capability was, and therefore, capturing was made easy.
- 150 million Africans lost to death and slavery.
- 15 million transported as enslaved
Africans accounting for 1/3 originally seized from Africa.
- Enslaved Africans experienced harsher
punishment than white enslaved Africans.
- 1663 slave revolts, white servants treated just as
badly, biggest fear was that black and white enslaved Africans would join together to overthrow the existing order.
Analysis:
- 2. By 1607 Europeans from England,
Denmark, Germany, and France
seized upon what became the United States and subsequently transported/transplanted themselves,
their society, and culture. Slavery was exported around the world and particularly in what became the United
States whereby Europeans transported/transplanted their society, culture, and race.
By 1619, African populations were seized, captured, kidnapped, mass transported, and enslaved for the purpose of
being worked to death draining swamps, building bridges and roads, cutting trees and bushes, planting and harvesting food
and fiber, clearing debris, building houses, making clothes, cutting weeds, washing, tending cattle, cooking, cleaning, digging,
pulling plows, mining mineral resources, sex concubines, shoveling manure, tending to white children, breeding, plowing, etc.
in the case of what became the United States of America, all of this was done for the benefit of white society as a whole
and white capitalist and slave owners in particular.
- 2.1. Whereas societies develop
communal, slave, feudal, capitalist and socialist forms based on revolutions in their technologies, others can be transplanted
to another geographical location.
- 2.2. The social ingredients for the modern capitalist society
was transplanted, imported, on to what Europeans called the North American continent.
- 2.3.
The white killed the indigenous peoples, took their land and kidnapped Africans to be worked to death build white nations.
Indentured servants produced labor.
- 2.4. Settlers attempted to enslave Indians, but this failed
because they died due to exposure to European diseases and inhumane conditions.
Enslavement
of African Americans in North America was introduced due to the inability of the colonists to support themselves. Slavery
as a social formation had been practiced throughout the ancient African, Arab, Asian, Chechimecan, and European world in various
forms.
- Africans enslaved by Europeans actively resisted but were unprepared historically,
mentally, materially, technologically, socially, culturally, and morally. Therefore, Europeans and earlier Arabs overwhelmed
African civilization, societies, peoples and culture in an unprecedented way for over 500 years and Arabs for over 1000 years.
- Racism was fostered in the servants from England to discourage them from cooperating with black
enslaved Africans in rebelling.
Central Facts: In 1619, the first ship of enslaved
Africans arrived at Jamestown by 1619, 8 million enslaved Africans had already been shipped to South America and the Caribbean.
STAGE 3: CLASSES, SLAVERY, AND INDENTURED SERVANTS 1676-1760
Between 1619 and 1700 what became the United States of America had two economic system operating on one
continental land mass: (slavery) agricultural manual production in the south based on enslaved African labor, and (capitalism)
industrial mechanical production in the north based on white wage labor while new lands were still being seized and settled
in the west.
Essentially, two antithetical, parasitic, maturing, white economies co-existed
in a unified category: agricultural slavery based on the consumption of enslaved Africans on large plantations in the South;
and expanding industrial capitalism and yeoman farming families in the North. Each temporarily needed the other
for survival. Slavery and capitalism were two polar opposites of the same unity that formed in the northeastern
and southeastern aspects of North America.
They were two antithetical offspring
of British feudalism, which, while in decay, had mass transported its nascent new and its moribund old, its revolutionary
and its reactionary, it's new and it's old, its future and its past around the world. One economy was transplanted
in the North. One was transplanted in the South. Both economies were headed exclusively by parasitic classes of
white men. Both economies exclusively benefited the white race. Both routinely murdered, butchered, raped and
worked to death enslaved nonwhites.
System of Economic development based on African labor
and stolen Chechimecan lands brought massive enslavement of Africans to produce goods in the southern economy.
The indentured slaves failed because slave labor was more profitable.
The servants teamed
with landowners to steal land from the Indians.
CAPITALISM: 1700-1750
The formation of Transitional Capitalist\Slave Government Structure: The goods were transferred to the northern colonies
and then exported to England. Wealth from exports was concentrated in the North. Capitalism developed in the North. The northern
economy grew and the southern economy began to shrink without the wealth from the exports.
CAPITALISM:
1750-1775
Transplanted White British American Colonies Broke From Brittan And The
Revolutionary War Was Fought Over Stolen Land, Enslaved Africans, And Representative Government:
- War was organized, class war, over stolen land, kidnapped/enslaved Black labor, taxation on commodities Blacks
produced for free and class representation.
- Declaration of Independence was written against
Feudalist England and the King George;
- Millions of Africans and Chechimecans are forced into
slavery and are being worked to death each day. Land theft (millions of square miles stolen). Democracy for slave
owning white men rich from the profits accumulated breeding and selling children, among other thing.
- Justice and equality meant: white, capitalist/slave owners, male.
- Weapons were bought
from other white allies. in Europe.
- War was planned/conducted by capitalist central committee
headed by George Washington.
- Global conditions were favorable for victory.
- British American colonies seized the opportunity; win, prepare self government documents.
- Continental
Congress, constitution, articles of confederation, federal government, executive, legislative, and judicial, courts.
- Africans are enslaved by the millions; bred, brutalized, raped, mutilated, jailed, lynched, mass murdered---all sanctioned,
defended, and often carried out by the state.
- Slavery written into the constitution. Africans
have no life, liberty or the pursuit happiness.
Summary: Servants
who joined Bacon's Rebellion were part of a large underclass of miserably poor whites who came to the North American colonies
from European cities whose Governments were anxious to be rid of them.
- The Voyage to America
lasted 8-12 weeks and servants were packed into ships with the same frantic concern for profits that marked slave ships. These
men, women and children were bought and sold like enslaved Africans.
- More than 1/2 the colonists
who came to North America came as servants, mostly English in the 17th Century and Irish and German in the 18th Century.
- Upper-class was getting most of the benefits and monopolized political power.
- 1%
of population owned 25% of wealth.
- Between 1687-1770, 14-29% of males were poor, rented a room,
or slept in back of a tavern, and owned no property. Therefore these men had no voting rights.
-
Free white workers better than enslaved Africans or servants but still subjected to unfair treatment from wealthier class.
- African Americans ran away to Indian villages, Creeks and Cherokees harbored runaway enslaved Africans by the hundreds.
- Racism became more and more practical.
Analysis: Extreme Disease and
Depravation Poverty in England drove people to come to America and indentured servants, and huge profits were made shipping
them under the worst conditions possible.
- Indentured servants were mistreated nearly as badly
as enslaved Africans.
- Class conflicts were frequent throughout the pre-revolutionary period.
Central Facts: After their contracts ended, 80% of Indentured Servants returned to England, joined
the poor population, or had died before their contracts ended.
- In 1770, the wealthiest 1% of
Boston owned 44% of the wealth.
STAGE 4: NATIONAL
LIBERATION MOVEMENT, CAPITALISM (n), AND SLAVERY (s) 1775-1800
The goods were transferred to
the northern colonies and then exported to England. Wealth from exports was concentrated in the North. Capitalism developed
in the North. The northern economy grew and the southern economy began to shrink without the wealth from the exports. Not
only does every unity contain within itself polar opposites but also these internal opposites are mutually connected to each
other. One aspect of a contradiction cannot exist without the other.
Essentially, then,
Africans built the economic foundation of the United States on the 3,678,896 square miles of stolen land occupying latitude
24'N to 49'W, and longitude 67'W to 124'W east by the Atlantic Ocean, and west by the Pacific Ocean.
Around this enslaved African nucleus grew entire white towns, cities, standard metropolitan units, production regions, states,
nations, multinational market networks---an entire (presently merging), white capitalist and socialist world economy.
It was not until the end of the Civil War in 1865 that one of the economic systems, slavery, was abolished and the entire
nation was organized around capitalist industrial production and the capitalist economic system.
- All profitable exchange and commerce between the two systems was based on African slave produced
goods and raw materials in the south and refined manufactured products in the north.
- Those
manufactured products were then transported to the South went to the slavemaster.
- Africans
received no compensation.
- These systems were for the 100 percent benefit of the white
race.
U.S. Capitalist Form of Government is Established:
The Constitution was written by capitalist white men who enslaved African women, men and children. The nation was built on
the constitutionally defined inferiority of Africans, Chechimecans, and women. Agreement between the two economies (slavery
in the South and capitalism in the North) was established. The Federal Constitutions served as models of state constitutions.
Summary: 1776, the U.S. was overthrowing Colonist Governments.
- Conflict
of poor against the rich was evident.
- Boston Tea Party of 1773 led to the coercive ACB by Parliament
establishing martial law in Massachusetts, dissolving the Colonial Government, closing the port in Boston and sending in troops.
- "All men are created equal," did not include women. Women were beyond consideration as worthy of inclusion.
They were politically invisible. Though practical needs gave women a certain authority in the home, on the farm or in occupations
like midwifery. Women did not have political rights or any notions of civil equality.
Analysis:
The rhetoric leading up to the so called revolution, and then surrounding the establishment of the United States, functioned
to build a solidarity between the classes, and redirect lower class anger against England and away from property owners.
- 3. - The main purpose of the revolution was to shift economic control to the wealthy of the U.S. as opposed to the
king in England. Economic exchange increased thus forming a strong political bond, after breaking ties with England in 1776.
Between 1720 and 1791, the North and South economic systems grew as a result of profitable African slave production to the
extent that they were able to break ties with the English motherland. War was organized.
- 4.
The Declaration of Independence was written. Feudalist England and the King George while millions of Africans and Chechimecans
are forced into slavery and are being worked to death each day. Cries of justice freedom, equality, and liberty for all men
meant all white property-owning capitalists and slaveowners.
- 4.1. Independence declared
- 4.2. Weapons were bought from other white allies.
- 4.3. War was organized by capitalist
central committee headed by George Washington.
- 4.4. Global conditions were good for victory.
- 4.5. British American colonies seized the opportunity.
Central
Facts: The military draft following the Declaration of Independence allowed the wealthy to buy their way out.
- After the Stamp Act was repealed, the wealthy agitators who organized mass protests cut their ties with lower class
protesters.
Summary: 1776, to run for Governor had to own 5,000 pounds of property,
to run for State Senator, 1,000 pounds of property therefore, 90% of the population was excluded from holding office.
- American Revolution brought separation of church and state.
- Everywhere is inequality,
"The people," "We the people of the U.S." did not mean Indians or African Americans, women or white servants.
- The Revolution created space and opportunity for African Americans to begin making demands of white society.
- Declaration of Independence, African Americans petitioned Congress and State Legislature to abolish slavery, gave
African Americans equal rights.
- Government was needed to maintain peace in society where disputes
came from various and unequal distribution of property.
- Founding Fathers, did not want a balance
except one which kept things as they were, especially with enslaved Africans and masters, property less and property holders,
and Indians and Whites.
Analysis: Class conflicts arose throughout the Revolutionary
War. From 1776 to 1791, whites in the 13 colonies declared their independence, win their war of liberation, establish strong
political bonds, set up their government, establish their bill of rights, and prepared to fasten slavery on the backs of the
African race for another 100 years. In breaking free from England America then seized the right to expand across the
Appalachian territory avoid surtaxes from England especially on enslaved African produced commodities, and take complete control
of their monetary system. The new American government negotiated the terms of victory, developed their constitution
or founding document, established a federated system with articles of federation and a bill of rights for whites in general
and ruling class and middle class whites in particular. One class, sex, race, generation, and culture in their own image
and interest however set up this form of government. In these fundamental founding documents, nonwhites had no rights.
- 4.5.1. The Constitution was written by capitalist/Greco-roman, Christian, white men who owned slaves.
- 4.5.2. The nation was built on the constitutionally defined inferiority of Africans, Chechimecans, and women.
- 4.5.3. An intense period building with an agreement between the two economies (slavery in the South and capitalism
in the North) was established.
- 4.5.4. The Federal Constitutions served as models of state constitutions.
- The creation of the Constitution was a struggle for control between the elite's of the North and
the South.
- The Federal form of government was favored due to its ability to limit the influence
of popular movements.
Central Facts: Less than 8% of the population controlled
60% of the wealth and owned 1/5 of the population as enslaved Africans.
- - Soldiers in the
continental army were not paid, George Washington was the richest man in American 1/3 of the population was small propertied
farmers.
- -
STAGE 5: FORMATION
OF SYSTEM OF SEX GENDER DOMINATION 1619-1920
Slave Labor Brings Great
Wealth To The Colonies: 1791-1820.
The two economies N/S grow
wealthy under one agreed upon political structure with African enslavement being the primary means for white economic wealth,
while theft of Chechimecan lands was the basis for everything else. Bred children, sell children, work them to death when
they are old enough. Millions of Africans were worked to death each year pulling plows, digging mines, draining swamps, building
bridges, and roads, planting and harvesting, cutting weeds, building homes, cooking, cleaning, tending cattle and other things.
Africans literally built the economic infrastructure of the United States in its infancy.
Summary:
Women's physical characteristics became a convince to men, who could, exploit, cherish, use as servants, sex mates, companions,
and bearer-teacher of his children.
- It was rare for a women to participate in public affairs,
but necessities of the war brought women into the public.
- Women were pulled out of the house
and into industrial life, at the same time as being pressured to stay in the home.
- A women's
job was to keep the home cheerful, maintain religion, be nurse, cook, seamstress, flower arranger, and it was thought that
women should not read too much and books should be avoided.
- The cult of domesticity for women
was a way of satisfying her with a doctrine of separate but equal, giving her work equally as important as men's but separate
and different.
- 1830's-1850's women began to resist the attempt to keep them in the women's
sphere. they were taking part in all sorts of movements, prisoners, insane, enslaved Africans, and other women.
- 5. Analysis: The two economies grow wealthy under one agreed upon political structure with African
slavery being the primary means for white economic Wealth, while theft of Indian lands is the basis for everything else. Millions
of Africans were worked to death each year pulling plows, digging mines, draining swamps, building bridges, and roads, planting
and harvesting, cutting weeds, building homes, cooking, cleaning, tending cattle and other things. Africans literally built
the economic infrastructure of the United States in its infancy.
Women suffered extreme
oppression in the colonial period women resisted throughout the entire period. after the revolution.
-
A strong cultural program emerged to encourage domesticity and passivity, as women began to organize and to work outside the
home.
Central Facts: In 1750, only 30% of white women were literate, while men
were 70% literate. The first Women's Rights Convention was held in 1840. Nearly 100 percent of African American
and Chechimecan women were forced to be illiterate by the American slave system/democracy. Nonwhite women were raped
and assaulted at any time and under any condition.
STAGE
6: COMPLETE SEIZURE OF CHECHIMECAN LAND 1800-1856
Economic Relations Became Antagonized As The Northern Economy Grew While Southern Economy
Shrank: 1820 -1855.
The wealth stopped in the North and it became less dependant
on the southern economy. Without its own home market the southern economy began to suffer. The industrial revolution began
in the North; wage labor, white men, organized in textile mills, with mechanized tools and simple water moved machines. Africans
erupt in rebellion. White decadence increases. Millions of Africans are bred, replacing the mass shippings from Africa
and the Caribbean.
Summary: Jackson's 1814 treaty with Creeks
granted Indian's individual ownership of land, thus, splitting Indian from Indian, breaking up communal land holding,
bribing some with land, leaving others out, introducing competition and conniving that marked the spirit of western capitalism.
- Removal Bill of 1829 provided help for Indians to move, if they did not they were without protection, without funds
and at the mercy of the States.
- 1832 Jackson moved to speed up Indian Removal and in 1838 Indian
Removal estimates that during confinement in the stockade or on the march westward 24,000 Cherokees died. There were
more.
Analysis: Avarice, Fear and Force were used to gain Indian lands.
- Actions taken against the Indians by states were not challenged by the Federal Government, though they were illegal
Removal was pushed by the rich, not particularly the frontiersmen.
Central Facts:
There were 3.9 million Americans in 1790; by 1830 there were 13 million with 4.5 million in the Mississippi Valley.
- In 1820, there were only 30,000.
- 24,000 Cherokees died on the trail of Tears, out
of an initial population of 31,000.
Summary: As American arms advanced, more
battles were fought, more thousands died on both sided, more wounded, more sick with diseases. At one battle north of Chichuahua
three hundred Mexicans killed and 500 wounded
- In two days lost from 500-1,000 Mexicans.
- Mexico surrendered, "The Treaty of Guadalripe Hidalgo" in Feb. 1848 took 1/2 of Mexico.
- Texas boundary set at the Rio Grande, New Mexico and California and U.S. paid Mexico $15 Million.
Analysis: The U.S. Government actively provoked the Mexican - American War.
-
Public support for the war was spotty, and recruitment for military service was difficult.
Central
Facts: 9,200 men deserted from the U.S. military during the war.
STAGE 7: CIVIL WAR BETWEEN N/CAPIALISM, S/SLAVERY:
AFRICAN EMANCIPATION WITHOUT FREEDOM 1790-1865
The
Southern Economy Ended When Lincoln Abolished Slavery. As A Political Move To Save The Union:
1859 - 1866.
The modern capitalist system began to emerge based on the industrial
revolution. Maturation of the industrial revolution was concentrated in the North. A crises arose between the northern wage
labor and southern enslaved labor economies with the battle over western farmland taking center stage. The south broke from
the union and the Civil War ensued. North had the numbers, guns, cannons, balloons, size, mountain regions. Time was
also on their side. Africans fought on both sides. The northern Africans (having left the south) were the
deciding factor. North won, lied to the Blacks, put them back on farms in semi-slavery (share-cropping) under capitalism.
Summary: 1790-1865 enslaved Africans grew from 500,000 to 5 million. Over 40 million
Africans lived and died enslaved in this time period: were worked to death.
- Over the course
of two years a total of 760 whippings were administered, an average of 3.1 per hand per year.
-
1/2 of all enslaved Africans were whipped, once in every four or five days some slave would be whipped.
- It was thought that slavery destroyed black families without families they were helpless, lacking kinship and identity
and have no will to resist.
- However, in the 18th Century before the Civil War, enslaved Africans
showed a stable kin network, steadfast marriages, unusual fidelity and resistance to forced marriages.
- Southern white oligarchy used economic power to organize Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist groups.
- 1860-70's Ku Klux Klan raids, lynching, beatings, burns, Kentucky alone between 1867-1871 had 116 acts of violence
toward enslaved Africans.
- Racism was a factor, but accumulations of capital and the men who
controlled them were as unaffected by attitudinal prejudices as it is possible to be.
- By 1900
all southern states, written into law disenfranchisement and segregation of Negroes.
- 6,000 African
Americans left Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi and went to Kansas to escape violence and poverty.
Analysis:
Slavery was consciously brutal and cruel in its execution.
- Rebellion was feared enough to cause
intense preparation to quell it resistance by enslaved Africans was continuous and an integral part of daily life, through
both direct action and cultural emphasis Lincoln was politically inconstant on slavery.
Central
Facts: In 1790, 1,000 ton of cotton were produced by 500,000 enslaved Africans.
- By
1860, 1 million tons were produced by 4 million enslaved Africans reforms put in place after the Civil War rapidly disappeared,
and violence against African Americans became common.
Summary: The people's
constitution, over-represented the rural areas, limited the vote to property owners or those who paid $1 poll tax, and would
let naturalized citizens vote only if they had $134 in real estate in 1843.
- Poor were like enslaved
Africans or Indians, invisible, a menace if they rose.
- Opening of the west was being helped
by mechanization of the farm. Turnpikes, canals and railroads were bringing more people west, more product to the east.
- As technology developed more capital was needed, more risks to be taken and a big investment needed stability.
- Flour Riot of 1837, 500,000 people 1/3 of the working class were without work in New York City. 200,000 wee living
in utter and hopeless distress.
- Class consciousness overwhelmed during the Civil War, North
and South military and political unity in the crisis of war.
- Union troops used to break strikes
and the Civil War was the first instance of modern warfare.
- Civil War occurred at a time when
law did not even present to protect working people.
- A Movement for the 8 hour work day began
among working people after the war. Helped by the formation of the first national federation of unions, The National Labor
Union.
- Railroad Strike, began with wage cuts on the railroad after already low wages. Baltimore
and Ohio Station, Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania Railroads were some of the affected.
- When the
great railroad strikes of 1877 were over 100 people were dead, thousands in jail.
Analysis:
Class conflicts such as strikes and food riots were common before and after the Civil War.
-
Liberal Politics emerged nationally to absorb regional grass roots activism conflicts between Northern and Southern elite's
shape the context of the Civil War.
- The legal system gave the Capitalists the advantage by sanctify
contracts.
Central Facts: 100,000 went on strike nationally in 1877, beginning
with a West Virginia railroad strike.
STAGE 8: RECONSRUCTION
ALONG CAPITALIST LINES 1870-1920
Reconstruction Period: 1866 - 1929.
The south was reorganized as a Capitalist economy under the industrial lines. After reconstruction of
the white country, the Klan was turned loose on Blacks by the government. Blacks are terrorized, lynched, and mass murdered
for half a century. Industrialization created a migration from rural areas to urban centers, farms to factories, south
to north, plantations to ghettos. Semi-automation, glut, economic depression, collapse of production, distribution, and
consumption spheres.
Summary: Between Civil War and 1900, steam and electricity
replaced human muscle, iron replaced work and steel replaced iron, machines changed farming.
-
1880's, 51/2 white million immigrants, in 1890's, 4 million white immigrants in the Americas. They created labor surpluses
that kept wages down. Immigrants were more controllable, helpless, culturally displaced, and at odds with one another, therefore,
they were useful as strike breakers.
- Communist Manifesto, "Workmen of all lands unite,
nothing to lose but chains and a world to win."
- 1881-1885 500 strikes a year with 150,000
workers involved. 1886, 1,400 strikes with 500,000 workers.
- Government helped bankers hurt farmers,
population increase meant less and less money in circulation.
- Racism was strong, the government
played on this when white tenants, failing in crop-lieu system were evicted from their land and replaced by African Americans,
this evolved into racism, and hatred toward African Americans increased.
- African Americans were
being kept under control in south. the Indians were being driven off the western plains for good.
Analysis: After the reconstruction period (1865-1874) whereby whites rebuild their country and passed
amendments to their constitution which they did not observe, Africans were next fastened to serfdom without political rights
are economic means, and terrorized by murderous white lynch mobs, dressed in sheets for another 100 years. Africans
were moved from slave oppression to feudal serf oppression in yet another parasitic system of exploitation called sharecropping.
Southern slavery evolved into sharecropping, moving forward, eventually to turn into industrial capitalism by the late 1920's.
- - The south was reorganized as a Capitalist economy under the industrial lines.
- - In the process Africans were driven off of plantations in the south and into filthy sweatshops and decaying industrial
factories in the north.
- - Housed in filthy ghettos, facing reigns of terror from white lynch
mobs, fight the Great Depression, Africans began to fight openly for education, health care, food, clothing, housing, civil
rights, and equal opportunity.
- - Industrialization created a migration from rural areas to
urban centers.
- - Overcrowding in cities, unemployment, and increase of crime resulted.
- - Corporate corruption, in the form of bribery and financial manipulation, were an epidemic.
- - The resurgence of tenant farming encouraged the development of populism.
- - The diversion
of Populism into Presidential politics lead to its disintegration.
Central Facts:
From 1860 - 1914, New York grew from 850,000 to 4 million, Chicago from 110,000 to 2 million, Philadelphia from 690,000 to
1.5 million.
- 40% of the robber barons came from middle or upper class families, 5.5 million
immigrants entered the U.S. in the 1880's, and another 4 million entered in the 1890's.
-
The Farmers Alliance got 38 seats in Congress and 2 Governor ships in 1840.
Summary:
Cleveland administration said a Cuban victory might lead to "the establishment of a white and a black republic."
- U.S. not to annex Cuba, it was initiated and supported by those people who were interested in Cuban independence
and also by business people who saw the open door as sufficient and military intervention unnecessary.
- War was declared, war brought more employment and increase wage. But also increase prices, increase cost of living
and high taxes on sugar, molasses, tobacco and other taxes.
- 1901, 80% of export of Cuba's
minerals wee in American hands. The U.S. did not annex Cuba.
- Proposal of Filipino independence
within a U.S. protectorate. American firepower was superior. Dead Filipino's used as breastworks for Americans.
- Filipino situation that aroused many African Americans in the U.S. to militant opposition to the war.
Analysis: Business interests drove U.S. Imperialism, while fear of lack revolution also
played a role.
- U.S. armed force had been used overseas for decades before U.S. labor general
opposed the Spanish - American War until it began in earnest, at which point they moved to support it due to trade.
Central Facts: The war leads to a 20% decline in real wages due to price increases.
Summary: Unions had hoped 3,000 would join the strike of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, 20,000
turned out.
- After the strike, conditions did not change much, working people wanted radical
change, seeing the root of misery in the capitalist system.
- The IWW (Industrial Workers of
the World) aimed to organize all workers in any industry into one big union undivided by sex, race or skill.
- Women were active in the socialist movement. Organizing by scores of former populists, militant miners and blacklisted
railroad workers.
- U.S. Government watched lynchings, and murderous riots toward Negro's,
and did nothing. Negro's were also in the socialist party.
- The Liberalism Movement developed
on the part of the other sections of society to restrain the power of the business community.
Analysis:
Due to extreme concentration of wealth and incredible exploitation of labor, the capitalist system entered a severe crisis,
socialists drove the formation of the W.W.I. and aided the Suffrage Movement.
- The Progressive
Movement was the response of Capital to Socialism.
Central Facts: Morgan, Baker
and Stillman controlled $22 billion (more than all states west of the Mississippi).
- 2 million
workers belonged to unions.
- Eugene V. Debs received 900,000 votes in 1912.
- - 284,000 children worked for industry.
Re-Engineering the Work Week
Theme: Reduction in the length of the workweek has been the historic solution to increased productivity causing
unemployment
This will be a necessary mover in the future
Central
Theme: The Thirty - Hour week nearly became law in 1933
The average worker is prepared to give
up 4.7% of his or her earnings in return for more free time of 300 business leaders in the U.S. none responded favorably to
a question about reducing the workweek
The Fair Labor Standards Act provisions on overtime payment
have been unchanged since 1938
The Missing Link
Analysis:
Segregation has vanished as a topic of public policy
Legislative action in the late 60s removed
the focus from segregation Four theoretical frameworks emerged to replace segregation as the explanation for black poverty:
culture, racism, economics, and welfare
Construction of the Ghetto
Analysis:
Prior to the 20th century segregation of African Americans was on par with that of European immigrants
Northward migration by rural African Americans created friction with whites, which spawned active segregation
through the 1940s, Federal home ownership programs redlined even marginally integrated neighborhoods
Central
Facts: In 1924, the National Association of Real Estate Brokers adopted a pro-segregation statement into their code of Ethics
Average indices of segregation for Northern cities climbed from 31.7 in 1930 to 73.5 in 1970
Persistence
of the Ghetto
Analysis: No progress on integration occurred from the 1960s through the
1990s Segregation of other racial groups is much less intense
Low segregation rates for African
Americans usually corresponds to low percentages of African Americans
African Americans are hypersegregated
through the North, through not the South
Continuing Causes of Segregation
Analysis: Segregation of African Americans changes little with class
Whites are
uncomfortable with integrated neighborhoods
African Americans prefer integrated neighborhoods
Discrimination in housing both in showing of units and in provision of financial information, is rampant and systematic
Central Facts: During the 1980s, African Americans averaged a 20% chance of discrimination in housing sales and a
50% in rental
Creation of Underclass Communities
Analysis:
Segregation dramatically concentrates black poverty
Concentration of poverty drives the "culture
of failure" touted by conservatives
Central Facts: Rates of black poverty are double these
of whites
STAGE 9 GROWING PANGS, OVERPRODUCTION,
MARKETS, AND WAR 1914-1945
Summary: W.W.I. in 1914, the government
flourished, patriotism bloomed, class struggle stilled and young men died in frightful numbers on the battle fields.
- England become more and more a market for American goods and for loads at interest.
-
Involuntary servitude was against humanity.
- People jailed for violating Espionage Act.
- Schools and universities discouraged opposition to the war.
- War ended 1918, 50,000
American's died, there was bitterness and disillusionment spread throughout the country.
Analysis:
By 1945, after fight in World War I and II with no citizenship rights, no human rights, and no respect, Black soldiers
came by to the South determined to take the rights that they had fought against Hitler, and Togo to reserve for whites.
Again white liberals bought their way into the emerging Black Civil Rights Movement, took it over, and gained complete control
of the movement.
Assume particular stages of development in production, distribution exchange
and consumption and you will have a corresponding social system, a corresponding organization of the family, of social classes,
and a sex hierarchy---in a word, a corresponding civil society. Around any such mechanical means of production grows
metal machines, waterpower, steam power, mills, factories, and production regions. On the next layer, hundreds of thousands
and even millions of white wage laborers are organized around the mechanized production apparatus. They become the white
homemarket necessary to circulate the commodities within the economy. With the organization of white laboring populations,
urbanization, i.e., and the development of towns, cities, and even metropolitan centers ultimately follows.
Next, mechanized means of production are applied to the various spheres of industrial commodity production
in the society, i.e., production, distribution, exchange, consumption, and reproduction. In each sphere, there are industries
whose function is to produce commodities, which will be sold back to workers in all spheres at a profit. This makes
up the economic basis of the society, its domestic homemarket. African workers were confined to the South in degenerate
segregated conditions. Indigenous peoples were imprisoned on reservations (concentration camps) in the Midwest.
In the United States and in the world as a whole, the white capitalist economic system was the heart of white supremacy because
it was designed by whites, in the image of whites, in the interests of whites, and for the primary benefit of whites.
It systematically raised the white race above nonwhites in income, living standards, education,
opportunity, health care, nutrition, legal assistance, transportation, housing, etc. The educational system evolved
out of this economic reality and was designed by whites to support the system of white supremacy. The legal and military
systems were designed by whites to defend the system of white supremacy. The political system legitimized white male
capitalist rule. The cultural system was fraudulently designed to define whites as innately superior to nonwhites.
Whites were raised to the top and Africans were fastened to the bottom.
- § From
the end of the Reconstruction period, 1879 to the beginning of the 1950's, mechanical labor was paid a higher wage than
manual labor.
- § Therefore, whites were systematically paid higher wages than nonwhites
were.
- § Higher wages meant higher living standards for whites, i.e., better education,
housing, health care, transportation, clothing, food, culture, legal aid, recreation, etc.
- §
Whites called this system of ensuring white supremacy, segregation.
- § The economy emerged
into mechanical industrial production after World War 1 and then to semi-automated production after World War 2.
- § The economic boom after World War 2 created a demand for more labor.
- §
U.S. Capitalism needed a war in order to absorb excess productive capacity, and thus engineered U.S. entry into W.W.I. Opposition
to the war was aggressively repressed.
Central Facts: 68 of 112 French
Divisions suffered mutinies.
- In the six weeks following U.S. entry into the war only 73,000
men volunteered, which lead to a draft.
Summary: 1920's IWW was destroyed,
socialist party fell apart, strikes beaten down by force and economy was doing just well enough for just enough people to
prevent mass rebellion.
- 1920's congress passes laws setting immigrant quotas, favoring Anglo-Saxons.
Used to end the dangerous, turbulent flood of immigrants.
- Ku Klux Klan, 1920's revived,
spread to North by 1924, 4.5 million members. Mob violence and hatred everywhere.
- Every year
in the 20's about 25,000 killed on jobs and 100,000 permanently disabled.
- 1929 stock market
crash leading to the Great Depression.
- Unsound economy due to very unhealthy corporate and banking
structures. Unsound foreign trade, economic misfortune and bad distribution of income. The top 5% received 1/3 of all personal
income.
- Capitalist system overriding motive of corporate profit and therefore, unstable, unpredictable
and blind to human needs.
- Veterans of W.W.I. were very angry, now without work and his family
hungry.
- Desperate people were not waiting for the government to help them, they were helping
themselves and acting directly.
- Minimum wage in 1938, 40 hour work week, outlawed child labor,
left people out of it's provisions and set very low minimum wages housing built for small number of people who needed
it.
- Shows number one is you, government proves they only look out for themselves.
Reinforces the notion of fighting for you. So do whatever you have to, walk all over anyone you need to, to get where you
want to be. It's a poor ass attitude but the government proves you need to look out for yourself, you can't be passive
and hope it comes your way you have to make it happen.
Analysis: Prior to the
Great Depression, wildcat strikes become increasingly common.
- The Crash of 1929 reflected inherent
unsoundness in the economy Unemployed Councils arose throughout the county, but collapsed in the face of the continuing collapse.
Central Facts: The richest tenth of a percent of the country received as much income as the 42%
at the bottom of the economy prior to the Depression.
Summary: A people's
war against Fascism, almost all Americans were in agreement, included; capitalists, communists, democrats, republicans, poor,
rich, middle class constituting a People's War.
- Hitler's Germany extending totalitarianism,
racism, militarism and overt aggressive warfare beyond what already experienced.
- U.S. seized
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Opened Japan trade with gunboats and threats, declared war on china to ensure U.S. equal opportunity
to other imperial powers exploiting china (If you're bigger and more powerful you can have anything you want- Basis of
Family Violence, violence against children, women, etc.)
- Fascist Nations, woman's place
in the home. War against fascism needed to change the subordinate role of women.
- 10 million
drafted in W.W.II., only 43,000 refused to fight, more than that did not show up for the draft at all.
- Negro's were angry about war, resentful, socialist workers party opposed war.
-
War put U.S. in a position to dominate much of world. Created effective control of home. Unemployment, economic distress and
the consequent turmoil that had marked the 1930's brought increase prices for farmers and increase wages.
- U.S. had overwhelming nuclear superiority, nuclear weapons and 1,500 Hiroshima size atomic bombs, far more than
enough to destroy every major city in the world. The equivalent of 10 pounds of TNT for every man, woman and child o earth.
- U.S. controlled 80-100% of Cuba's utilities, mines, cattle ranches and oil refineries, 40% sugar industry and
50% railways.
- Castro set up nation wide system of education, housing, land distribution to land
less and confiscated over a million acres from 3 U.S. companies. Cuba singed trade with Soviet Union. U.S. refused to refine
oil for Soviet Union therefore, U..S. cut down sugar buying from Cuba and therefore Soviet Union bought what U.S. would not
buy.
- Strengthens the argument - Why fight? You have something someone else needs. Have we become
so inhumane that we can't share our resources to help the betterment of another country.
Analysis:
U.S. involvement in W.W.II. and the subsequent Cold War, were driven by the needs of U.S. Capital Japanese aggression towards
the U.S. was prompted by continuing conflicts with U.S. Capital W.W.II. was not a war for freedom. as evidenced by endemic
racism and U.S. guarantees of European imperial control Hiroshima was the first move of the Cold War.
Central
Facts: 350,000 men evaded the draft, out of a total pool of 10 million 43,000 men refused to fight.
