Principles: Afrocentric, African-Centered to African Humanities Curricula

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Context


In the past 20 years debate on curriculum change has intensified in the United States, Africa, and the rest of the Diaspora.  It has been a belated civil rights integration debate to infuse Afrocentric ideas into white supremacist Aryan curricula, rather than an African-centered independence movement to create stand-alone African Humanities curricula which would be taught along side Asian Humanities, Indian Humanities, European Humanities, Chechimecan Humanities, etc. 

As a systematic movement of reestablishing the scientific foundations of ancient African Kmt's Educational model as the foundation of African curricula around the world---the direction of this process has been side tracked into decades of "Black Rypley's Believe-it-or-Not" type debates with racist whites (including Jews) and Arabs.  From this mistake, one essential lesson has been learned: Build your own in every area of human existence, including education.  Stop standing around criticising whites who made cars, airplanes, ships, skyscrapers, houses, super highways, computers, trains, dvd, high schools, junior high schools, elementary school, professional schools, printing machines and presses, universities, bibles, churches, educational systems---build your own again.  Cars have been around for over 113 years in some form and Africans have not built from the ground up one single factory in the world that manufactures one simple car.  Whites are in control of almost all semi-complicated manufacturing processes in every area of Black existence.  If as much time were spent mastering technical know-how (i.e., building teams/cores of young African scientists, engineers, philosophers, moral/ethics leaders) as is spent arguing with racist whites over their Aryan model of education Black populations would be free of white/arab domination by now.

Mental slavery demands dependence; dependence is built on ignorance, fear, and a lack of applied procedural understanding regarding how the world actually functions.  The structure and content of all Black educational systems were both inherited from the white supremacist Aryan Model of education offered in every former slave-running white society today claiming democracy.   The whites dumbed the Black curriculum for centuries, did not allow Black people to go to school, kept generations ignorant and mystical (hoping for miracles and saviors), and disallowing any aspect of an applied scientific education.  This was criminal; it still is in force to a lesser degree.  These white brutes also kept Black populations less technically educated than the whites by systematically keeping science and engineering labs, technologies, and educational materials from Black youth.  Even after integration, Blacks went to school with whites but were systematically tracked into obsolete fields, LDA, and mood-altering drugs. 

Afrocentricism: Criticism, Infusion, Integration


 

The Afrocentric movement evolved out of the Black Arts Movement, and was rooted in the Black Power movements of the 1960's and 1970's. Through Dr. Diop and Dr. Theophile Obenga, and the intellectual foundation that Pan Africanism and the 1800's Black nationalist movements laid, modern African-centered thinkers have a firm foundation for initial criticism of the fraudulent  history of ideas present by whites and Arabs.  Criticism is hard work, but this is only the initial raw material on which a truly advanced philosophical science, a great African worldview, a new/higher system of African scientific thought, can be firmly constructed.   


 

The whites had been lying in print/books/journals for well over 350 years.  In the process of wiping clean/exterminating/mass murdering the indigenous populations of the western hemsiphere, these whites dragged millions of Africans thousands of miles to be worked to death, enslaved, producing food, fiber, and finances for the white population's economy.  Their education system justifies this degenerate behavior in writing; their chrisitian/judaism/islam religious systems sanction these centuries of murderous sieges as their god's will. Now their medium for false propaganda is dvd, video, ipod, powerpoint, and doctored computer simulations.  The goal however is the same: defend white supremacy, the Aryan model, ultra white nationalism/patriotism, and white feel-good history.  In this way George Washington and Thomas Jefferson are made out to be great men, founding fathers and heroes no matter how much land they stole from the native populations or how many millions of Black people they helped to enslave, how many lives they wasted, bred and sold their children, worked to death and just threw into unmarked graves after they were dead.  And Black children today are supposed to internalize these white lies from white liars calling themselves teachers, educators and professors.  The Black children are rejecting it; all of it.  (But they should be taught to extract the science, engineering, the applied technical procedures, the rational kernel---so that they can feed, clothes, house, transport, defend, and mass educate the next generation independent of historical enslavers.) 

The Afrocentric movement bravely went at the heart of this fraudulent history: in the educational system.  There were successes.  There were errors.  Overall, progress was made in the area of exposing the "white lie" agreed upon, called history.  Blacks by and large, however, kept their white/Arab religions, saviors, calendars, values, morals, names, clothes, holidays, bad habits and fear of all things white.  Even the understanding of the value of science that the Asians (mainly Chinese and Japanese) have clearly used to rise up from backwardness---Black people have not operationalized this in anyway. 


 

Externally, overtime, modern White supremacy, summarized in the conceptualization of the Aryan, became an extremely well constructed European ideology, which, in the process of Europe and its Diaspora ascending to world domination (1500-1900's), became the accepted worldview.  It is the capstone of a five-tier pyramidal scaffold in the ideology of White supremacist thought. 


 

It is the centerpiece of the ideology of the independent genius of the White race and White "Western Civilization."  The development of (1) prehistoric hominid formations, (2) modern homo sapiens sapiens, (3) the intellectualization of homo sapiens sapiens, (4) the first class-based advanced forms of ancient society, civilization, (5) the most advanced forms of classical ancient society---all had to start with whites---although in reality these started first in Africa. The Afrocentric and African centered movements snatched the Klan sheet off of the heads of white academia.  The curricula is an Aryan white supremist fabrication created in the 1700's.  It is not based on comprehensive chronological, historical, and factual evidence.  It is not logical.  It is not unbiased.  It is not accurate, and yet it is taught in every European school from kindergarten to Ph. D.  Every one of their curriculum are historical frauds.  In fact, Africans would be best served following the Chinese example:  study only the science, applied mathematics, engineering, technology, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, architecture, electronics, computer science, urban planning, and civil engineering.  Leave the white supremist propaganda to the whites.  Focus on the essentials of applied math, science, engineering, and manufacturing logic.


 

All of the earliest fossil/DNA evidence lead back to Africa.  All of the oldest artifacts of civilization lead back to the Nile River in Africa.  The first calendars, the first writing, the first high tech engineering, the first federal governments, the first nation states, arts and sciences, the first moral systems---all of them started in Africa along the Nile River.  The largest ancient buildings in the world were designed, engineered, and constructed in African KMT---some of them over 40 stories high, 2.6 million stones, weighing two tons per stone.  Khufu pyramid is 146.0 meters high; Khafre pyramid is 143.5 meters high; Snefru pyramid is 105.0 meters high; Menkare pyramid is 65.6 meters high, and Zoser pyramid is 63.0 meters high. 


 

There were over 121 large pyramid structures built in ancient African KMT in a 2784 year period before the Africans began to carve buildings into mountains.  Each was mathematically accurate down to a fraction of an inch.  They still stand in testimony to practical geometry, algebra, mathematics, trigonometry, architecture, engineering construction, urban planning, project management, social planning, national planned coordination and the most efficient organization of hydraulic power and human labor power in ancient history.  African children should have a science/engineering curricula around this instead of the idle chatter about white lies. 


 

Accurate historical facts are a beginning.  Infuse those facts into the Aryan white supremist curricula.  Then integrate the educational system from teachers to administrators to board members.  This is what the Afrocentric movement did, and did well.  But this is not enough.  Once the criticism is over, what kind of society do Africans need now?  Why? Whose civilization will be the model? How will it be replicated, technologically and in a modern form?  What to keep and what to discard? What kind of economy? Political system? Cultural system? What books need to be written?  What facilities need to be built?  Where?  Whose architecture? Why?  Wasting time debating with white folk and siding with Arabs will not answer these fundamental questions today.  We need our own African curricula of rebirth/renaissance in this lifetime. 


 

Internally, Black Afrocentrists and others who cut their intellectual teeth in the historical period of integration, desegregation, plead-ins, march-ins, sit-ins and even beg-ins in the United States (1945-1970's) have erred in their idealized quest for an absolutely harmonic and peaceful integration into the prevailing social order that whites and Arab dominate. 


 

Remember, these were slave societies; predatory invaders, destroyers of nonwhite civilization.  The same constitution and Bible/Koran are at the foundation of them.  They still rule in every significant area of Black life and living.  Nothing fundamentally has changed, except things have gotten worst for millions of African children.  There is a ruling class, gender, race, and culture in every society.  It can reform on the edges, but cannot be revolutionized unless the ruling group is removed in each area and the general white population sees no need to live at the expense of nonwhites any longer.  This has not happened in the past at any time.  There is no precedent.  Study the case record, the documentary record, the historical archive.  It won't happen now.  People who benefit (right or wrong) from something fundamental do not easily give it up.


 

Education for What? Whom? What Type?


 

The United States, like any other capitalist society is organized with a hierarchy of race, class, sex/gender, and culture.  There is a society, s constitution the ruling race/class/gender wrote, there is the government and military they set up, there is a technological infrastructure, an economy, a social system, a political system, a cultural system and a population processed through them.  The population is a mixture of white, black, brown, red, and yellow totaling 327 million.  The whites are in charge; the libraries are filled with the books they wrote, the stories/lies they told, the discoveries they claimed, the civilizations they destroyed to build their own, and the traditions they fabricated.  The Black populations were brought to this country to be their slaves---a totally enslaved population from birth to grave.  Today it is awakening to face a sobering reality: Education for what? Whom? What type?  Why?


 

The nation is over 83% white (if you include white Spanish speaking/Hispanic populations from Mexico). The white race rules.  White male rules.  White capitalist rules.  A white Greco-Roman culture rules.  And the majority white population has historically crossed class lines to support its degenerate ruling classes, especially the Nazis.  In fact, the working class white always supports its white capitalist ruling class on questions of race/culture. What makes America strong in its belief that it is a great democracy (even though it enslaved millions for centuries) is the unity of the white poor and the white rich on the basis that they are white.


 

Blacks make up less than 13% of the population; they are the least scientifically educated, and the most mystical/religious because of the history of this nation denying an applied scientific education to the vast majority of generations of Black populations.  The white ruling class has insured that the Black population in the United States is the least educated in the areas of engineering, applied sciences, and technological manufacturing.  Whites own over 98% of all domestic multinational corporations which shape the nation's school curricula/agenda; whites build the schools, create the state/federal curricula, control the school boards from the state level, write the state legislation on education, control the courts that decide education cases, and write/publish/print the books that are at the core of curricula in the country. 


 

Generally school board members, administrators, faculty, staff, facilities, transport vehicles, teacher materials, hardware and software are all controlled by the state and federal governments who fund education in the country in the image, interests and inferences drawn up by white people.  Blacks control the education in their own homes, communities, and families to a varying degree but that education is a carbon copy of the white education mixed with mysticism, religion, and folklore.  Science is almost now existent.  Math is not respected as an applied tool of measuring, making and manufacturing material reality.  Dancing, singing, public speaking, writing poetry/literature, sport, entertainment, and religion are promoted while science/math/engineering are secondary----at least in practice.  No wonder African American children have the lowest standardized test scores in the nation in the science/math achievement areas.


 

Since the late 1700's, the white capitalists set up two educational systems: one to educate the ruling class and one to educate those white classes who are ruled.  As an enslaved population, Africans were militarily kept from any education other than the training necessary to be docile and enslaved.  After slavery, within those who are ruled, there was created a racial tracking system that keeps Black children systematically under white working class children from birth to grave (even within desegregated schools Black children are tracked). 


 

Using curricula, economics, white supremacy, urban planning, state financing, and legislation whites maintained educational apartheid in the United States since the beginning of slavery in 1619.   The private schools were set up for the rich whites, the state schools were set up for the middle class whites, and the training/technical trade schools were set up for the working class whites.  Blacks were barred from technical education, sent to second rate missionary "liberal arts" schools which were as far away from the main road of a Harvard/Yale/Princeton scientific education as Pluto is from the sun.  And you wonder why Harvard has a larger library than all the Black colleges in the United States and African nations combined.  In fact, Harvard's educational endowment of $37 billion dollars is $30 billion dollars more than all the Black colleges and universities combined in the western hemisphere and most of Africa.  So if education is freedom, no wonder Africans are enslaved.


 

Money is the central gate keeper.  Poor children are always given the least educational opportunities, the worst facilities, the least science and technology, the poorest teachers, the most dumbed curricula, the worst conditions to educate children---in most cases around the world Blacks are the poorest of the poor.  One element of the population gets the best science/technology/engineering education and the other gets mysticism, trades, and useless religious doctrine about life in another world while the vast majority of Black folk live in utter misery in this world.  They come out as 21st century slaves, unable to build even a tent to keep rain off them or make a pair of shoes.  Just think, we are in their 21st century, over 100 years after the car mass-assembly line, and not one Black nation has ever built a factory that mass produces cars.  Not one.  Out of nearly a billion Black people, less than 0.8% of the world's scientist/engineers are Black.  Not even one percent.


 

In any country, as a superstructural institution, the education system is a reflection of the economic foundation on which it rests.  The essence and appearance of the economic foundation is itself a reflection of the nature of production.  By nature of production is meant the composition of labor and machines.  When the machines are robots run by computers on an automated production line---you do not need semi-skilled and unskilled workers any more.   Only skilled technicians are necessary. 


 

So the schools/education curricula are set up around this reality.  With the masses of Blacks tracked to unskilled and semi-skilled labor, a battle against Nazi genocide awaits because their will be no jobs to sustain Black families---only prisons for profit.  At each stage in the development of the forces of production, the superstructural institutions that are a reflection of it assume the race, class, gender, culture, and generation character of the group that owns the means of production and preserves its interests. 


 

The white population owns everything of substance in this society.  Their white ruling capitalist class determines who gets what, systematically.  They kept Blacks uneducated for over 75% of this nation's history; then they needed factory workers in the 1950's and thus rushed, from a federal level, to desegregate the schools.  They, the liberal whites, even financed the Black civil rights movement 1949-1966.   They cut the financing when the Black population sought Black Power (economic and political equality).  Study history. 


 

The USA educational system was organized initially (1700-1900) to reproduce white male leaders of the ruling class; white people to assume the reigns of power to continue carrying out efforts and disseminating ideas to insure continued rule of their group.  Poor whites had to find whatever knowledge they could in agriculture and apprenticeships.  Blacks were systematically kept out/excluded/denied any formal education for over 300 years.  When they did get education it was miseducation.   


 

People in a society are fundamentally organized around meeting their needs and use technology as a means to meet those needs.  The process of meeting needs using the combination of human labor and technology is called production.  In class-based societies, someone or some group owns the technology, as well as the products made by the technology. 


 

In the process of people meeting their needs, various institutions arise that govern their behaviors, beliefs, and practices: education, religion, family, health care, mass media, recreation, criminal system, government, law, sport, cultural, language, etc.  History has demonstrated that the group who owns the technology and its products is the group whose ideas prevail and are preserved within each superstructural institution.  This group represents a particular race, class, gender, culture, and generation/moment in history.  People who are not of the ruling group are permitted entrance to and participation society and its superstructural institutions according to the economic interests of the ruling group. 


 

In short, every university should have the financial/economic/technical/curricula resources Harvard has.  But this university trains leaders of the ruling class, those who will lead essential aspects of the society.  Everyone should go to a Harvard; there should be thousands of Harvards, minus the white supremacy curricula: keeping the science, math, ethics, logic, and engineering. 


 

But the white ruling class will never teach Africans the technical wherewithal to be independent.  How would they be able to continue to rob us blind/deaf/and dumb around the world? In an ideal society, everyone would get a top level education, not just rich white folk---the great great grand children of men who made their living catching, capturing, kidnapping, selling, enslaving, raping and working to death millions of Black folk.  


 

Black people as a population were murdered, raped, and kidnapped in Africa to be bought, sold, and worked to death in what would become United States.  The technology in this new colony was manual and the task at hand was enormous.  Initially the search was for riches-spices, gold, etc.  Very quickly the murderous whites expanded their enterprises to include the cultivation of large quantities of land to produce commodities for a European market.  To carry out this labor-intensive feat, a large population of people was needed; to profit, this population of workers had to be forced.


 

For most of USA's economic history, the process of production was carried out by human and animal labor and tools.  Black women, men, and children worked endless hours under brutal conditions and violence for the purpose of advancing the culture and civilization of an enemy race.  Manual production requires no formal education to effectively carry out responsibilities. 

Not only were Blacks not required to obtain an education (it simply wasn't needed) but we were openly denied; it was considered illegal in most southern states for Blacks to learn anything but to serve whites hand-and-foot.  Even after the formal system of enslavement was officially abolished, the violence continued, taking on a new and openly brutal form-whereas under enslavement, only the enslaver determined the treatment of Blacks, under segregation/Jim Crow, all whites had the right to do with Black people as they pleased. 


 

In the post-enslavement period schools popped up throughout the country to educate a new generation of Blacks to serve as domestics and manual laborers with tools while whites graduated to mechanical labor with machines. These new training schools were created to help Blacks develop manual skills in the areas of domestic servitude, agriculture, shop work and handicrafts.  To the degree that reading and thinking skills were needed, the level of education was a reflection of it. 


 

Most of these training schools did not exceed the 5thgrade education; those that did were located in the north.  In northern cities, domestic service occupations required a higher level of thinking than those organized around agricultural production.  Blacks were taught for manual labor; whites began to be taught to carry out mechanized machine labor.  They had separate curricula, a higher one, one of greater technical quality.  Both were white supremacist, but the Black curricula were dumbed/watered down rote-learning.


 

For Black people the transition from manual to mechanical production (1945-1980) meant that they got a little more education but were tracked below whites; even with school integration, Black children were tracked within the previously all-white schools and thus segregated within integrated schools.  Whites generally went on to college; Blacks went to trade schools or the streets.  The dumbing curricula for Black inner city schools created unskilled labors for the plants/factories.  One or two "elite" Black public schools for the "talent tenth" are in each inner city.  This is where most of the Black people, its middle class, those supporting the white power structure send their children. 


 

This class hierarchy is as bad as the race, culture and gender hierarchy. Their children are no better than ours.  They are not born innately superior.  But these Black upper classes waste the masses of our children's tax dollars so that their select few children can have Greco-Roman educations similar to the whites at tax-payer expense.  All the superstructural institutions reflect the image and interests of the ruling race, class, gender, generation, and culture.  Black people had a place as limited as it was only to the extent that there was a need for our labor.  This moment in history is sobering in that never before have we been utterly obsolete in this society.  The vast majority of working class children are left with nothing but overcrowded holding centers, warehouses, cell-blocks, no future and no control of their present. 

Infusion was Never Enough

The 1980's and 1990's saw Black educators attempting to infuse bits of Black facts into a nationwide/federal white supremacist Aryan Educational System (university, college, K-12).  The task has been formidable and was necessary for the earlier time period.  But clearly this was never enough, given the slave curriculum whites had used on Black populations for over 300 years.  Imagine Jews trying to infuse something accurate and positive about themselves in Hitler's Nazi curriculum.  Only independent scientific curricula building on the part of Black educators would solve this problem at its source; but this solution has been all but nonexistent.  Today, serious Black educators must stop wasting time.  Therefore, the modern African Centered Movement as a philosophical then political vision must be re-framed/re-invented to address the new and changing cultural, sex-gender, ethnic, class and generational realities of the 78th Century Kmt standard time, 2008 European standard time. 


 

In 2008+, Black folk must think independently; start with indigenous Black classical civilization where nothing in African comes close to what ancient African Kmt produced; then, educationally/technologically create the science/engineering to mass produce food, clothing, housing, education, health care, cars, trucks, trains, planes, hospitals, universities, highways, water treatment plans, electrical plants, agricultural equipment/machines, roboticised factories, medicines, moral temples, etc. The Neo-mystical, Greco-roman/christian/arab-muslim hybrid variety of North American Afrocentricism has not/will not solve this problem; it is uselessly/slavishly tied to the white and arab enslavers in name, content, direction, and purpose.  If over 600,000,000 Black folk can be mowed down/exterminated/worked to death in the Holocaust of African enslavement and no gods, allahs, jehovahs saved us---none of this made up mess by enslavers will save us now.  Historically, the ones with the most science/engineering have the most food, clothing, housing, education, health-care and security; the ones with the most slavemaker religions are the poorest people in the world---somewhere starving to death on dirt cookies as in Haiti.  They (the whites/arabs) have what they have because they know how to make it (and in most cases, take it).


 

The best element of the African-centered movement are organized around systematic, evidence-based, scientific correction of the fraudulent Aryan model of world history that justifies a fake white supremacy.  In as far as Afro-centricism seeks to situate the African at the center of his or her view of society and the world (like all others do), it is useful as the remnant of an initial ideology of criticism and correction, a place to begin, a grounding, a foundation.   It served a purpose of exposing the white/arab lie agreed upon: that only the lighter populations created civilization and that Blacks were innately inferior.  Ancient African Kmt chronologically presented in living color explodes this white/arab enslaver's lie.  Ancient Greece/Rome/Arabia are over 3000 years behind what ancient African Kmt built.  They are no more than predatory, invading, populations in North Africa pillaging and plagiarizing Kmt Black civilization.  Study the history of demography in that region.  Dr Cheikh Anta Diop's, and Dr. Theophile Obenga's work validate this thesis.  We have to move forward to an independent African Humanities Curriculum that is a part of world humanities curricula not lorded over by populations with historie of enslaving, invading, occupying, oppressing and imperialism.

Dead End Side Roads

After years of being swamped in silly side arguments with gatekeeper/racist whites, jews, and arabs, the African-centered movement is still seeking a firm/unbiased philosophical grounding.  Too much time has been wasted.  It should move forward fast toward independent cultural/scientific/moral curriculum building instead of merely trying to infuse accurate Black facts into an Aryan/white supremist curriculum which is rapidly moving toward an ultra-white nationalist Nazi curriculum reflective of this collapsing capitalist economic system that the whites rule.   After all the criticizing of the Eurocentric bastardization, omissions, lies, slanders, and plagiarism they prescribe all the dependent, integrationalist, trite, Eurocentric, liberal, neo-colonial, welfare, reparation-seeking, blame-the-oppressor for tokens to the middle-class, bluff-and-get-paid-for-silence solutions that have failed us in the past.  All their proposed methods, techniques, solutions, programs contradict their cultural analyses.   Clearly, they do not understand that the objective conditions that led to integration in the United States (1945-1980) have run their course. 


 

The end of desegregation, affirmative action, set-asides, small-scale racial tolerance is a reflection of the end of the greatest period of economic expansion in US history.  The beginning of re-segregation, disintegration, overt racial hate and White militias, racial intolerance, and White male set-asides is a reflection of the massive contraction of White economic conditions and the reactionary White mass response.  Even the integrationist viewpoints of the reactionary aspect of the African-center movement are a direct reflection of their intellectual formation in the 1950's, 1960's, and early 1970's. 


 

Therefore, (apparently for the reactionary element of the African centered movement), every significant fact of African history must be used by them to show how Africans influenced the growth and development of White civilization: (1) KMT helping Greek, Roman, and Arab invaders/imperialist to take North Africa---civilizing them; (2) North African Moors helping Western European Spaniards, Portuguese, French, and Englishmen imperialist/mass bringers of genocide to become civilized---so that they can then conquer the world; (3) indentured/slave Negroes ignorantly and disgracefully helping Spanish, French, Dutch, Portuguese, and British conquers (Columbus, Pizarro, Cortes, Balboa, De Leon, Coronado, Courtier, etc.) to pillage, rob, loot and commit genocide in the Western Hemisphere and the world; (4) Negroes as "Buffalo Soldiers" killing indigenous people as to secure land for Whites, during and after a civil war that Whites controlled and organized, (5) Blacks in Asia, Blacks in Europe, Blacks in America, Blacks in India, etc.  Sure Africans were in all of these places, doing great things sometimes and doing rotten things in other periods.  But a scientific history is not written this way; it has evidence, chronology, historical context/facts/meaning, and a logical summation of historical data.  The integration of the exploited with the genocidal deeds of the exploiter is the reactionary immoral equivalent of seeking credit for helping a convicted murderer.   Instead of intimately studying ancient African Kmt, a 5000 year old great African civilization for lessons/principles/laws/philosophies/methods/science, they waste time trying to find a black face in the arab, white, and jew mess of imperialism, invasion, occupation, slavery, colonization, and neo-colonization. 

An accurate history of Africa and Africans would show: that the development of (1) prehistoric hominid life (AA,HH,HE,HSN,HSS), (2) modern homo sapiens sapiens, (3) the intellectualization of homo sapiens sapiens, (4) the first class-based advanced forms of ancient society, civilization, (5) the most advanced forms of classical ancient society---all started with Africans.  The actual evidence proves that Africa and Africans were the initiators of humanity, its intellectualization, and the development of civilizations.  Then African students can be focused on the most important elements of material culture which include how to use mathematics/science/engineering/morality/ethics to build the necessities of life, i.e., food, clothing, shelter, education, health care, transportation, manufacturing industries, universities, moral temples, etc.  Sum up the evidence in each discipline, establish the African Humanities in those areas, and in the process get to work mass producing scientists and engineers with sound morals to create the necessities/luxuries of life out of the great mineral/natural wealth of Africa.  Stop making excuses.  Do the homework.  Study what has succeeded. Have the courage and intelligence to do what successful others have done.   Stop wasting time.


This is not rocket science if one is paying attention.  The Chinese have their own culture, history, philosophy; they publish their own ideas, they print their own books; they do not ask permission to think, study, write, publish, print or speak; they set up their own schools.  They are not praying and hoping white/arab gods help them---nearly 2 billion people; they are engineering their own salvation and rebuilding their own civilization.  When they go to the white schools in Europe, Australia, and the United States they master only the best applied science and engineering and forget the white "Greeks-did-everything" lies.  How else do you think they have passed the whites/arabs in mastery of the applied sciences in such a short time (less than 35 years).  In most major white universities they make up 70-80 percent of the physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, architecture, and manufacturing graduate/masters/ph.d students.  They are not wasting time arguing with sorry whites and arabs who are bent on maintaining a fraudulent social history. 

We could learn something from them and others if we could just humble ourselves long enough to admit the fundamental error of the Africanist liberation movement: it is mystical, and lacking in an applied scientific foundation.  The Chinese/Japanese guiding principle is to: Master science, math, logic, engineering, reading and writing.  Every other population has sense enough to extract the rational kernel of education: science, engineering, technology, and morality. It is time that Africans mastered this simple strategy. 

There is also the misguided/mystical arguments around science and the meaning of scientific theory.  One central thing is clear: there is no such thing as European, Asian, or African science; science is universal, though the language may be different.  Language is the means of communicating laws of nature, today referred to as scientific theory.  The laws of nature are independent of color though they may be presented symbolically in linguistically differing ways.  The torch of science passed from African Kmt to Greece to Arabia to Europe and now to Asia again.   Plagiarism at the tip of a sword gave ancient Greece, and Rome their first understandings of the laws of nature: they invaded/occupied Northern Africa and parasitically leeched off of a dying ancient African Kmt for over 700 years until they had translated/transferred 3000 years of scientifically summarized practice, i.e., theory.  Only the language and level of understanding changed in an applied form.  Even ancient Greece was a 3000 year step backwards/regression on what had been achieved in African Kmt (in science, mathematics, medicine, engineering, construction, architecture, biology, urban planning, hydraulics, physics, chemistry, and metal works) until the leap in the recent 1800's. Surely, that language can be Arabic, Latin, Greek, Chinese, Japanese, Shona, Mdu Neter, etc, but the science it relects is universal. 

So, there is no such thing as African/Asia/Arab/European-centered science; the language is different, the way to get to the answer may vary, but the answers are the same.  And only those ignorant of what science is would even come up with such a notion.  Rockets are made to get to the moon, ships sail the ocean, computers are manufactured, super highways are constructed, microchips are fabricated, animals are cloned, and people are enslaved because a population knows how---then replicates/concentrates their know-how in a condensed symbolic mathematical and abstract theoretical formula/procedural system.  This is not guesswork; the languages may be different but the fundamental laws of nature/the guiding principles are the same.  This is nonsense perpetrated by the mystical element of the African centered movement which today continues to dominate the entire Africanist liberation movement.  With economies collapsing around the world, this period demands a change from the old/bankrupt ways of doing things.  We should study, weigh, extract, and use only what works in the real world.  Leave the fairy tales to those who accept losing while winning is being achieved before our eyes throughout the Asian world.

Real World Answers and Applied Scientific Know-how

The new class of permanently unemployed African skilled labors, intelligentsia, forced out of the capitalist social contract, homelessness, foreclosures, closed schools, closed universities, layoffs, cut retirement benefits, cut health care benefits, repossessions, hunger, lights/water/gas utilities being shut off, student loan defaults, credit card defaults, etc. need answers to fundamental questions of life and living. 

Black Ripley's-believe-it-or-not will not help them. They need answers which have a scientific/engineering "how-to-do" curriculum.  They already know ancient African Kmt was Black from all of the color pictures now available to them from around the world; they know the whites and arabs destroyed it and copied it's science, translated it into their own language, and burned the black libraries in north Africa---driving Black folk into a global 2700 year white age of slavery, occupation, death and destruction.
  To even waste valuable time today debating with whites/arabs in face of an unprecedented economic collapse and inevitable white/nazi movement is calculated buffoonery bordering on the surreal.  Let them believe as they wish.  Scaling the heights of mysticism to 'reveal and reaffirm' the number of Black kings and queens, the presence of Africans in Europe/ Asia/Americas, how many (ignorant and disgraceful) buffalo soldiers killed Indians so that white settlers could steal their land, etc., is immoral/unjust/impotent because it is an easy/deadend side road at a time when Black children starve in their midst.  Today, in the worst aspect of the African centered movement, instead of a morally sound scientific system of re-education and a well-defined path/pattern of human life which offers an ascendant paradigm in the true spirit of our African Kmtic Ancestors all that is offered is Black-believe-it or-not stories and appeals to bankrupt slave gods.  This must end if we are to move forward.


 

The philosophically reactionary and strategically narrow arguments of many mystical Blacks that continue along this obviously unfruitful path shows the intellectual and organizational bankruptcy of folk who think we can just hope/beg/pray our way out of this mess.  Faith and prayers without works is dead.  Still running around with the slavemaster's names, religions, clothes, beliefs, holidays, etc., while at the same time trying to tell other to change---self criticism and correction will be th first order internal cleansing for this movement.  Many who are not honest with themselves, regardless of age, will not make the turn.  Waking up is much easier than cleaning up.  Our folk are good at pointing at the white man, talking loud about what the whites are not doing.  But look in the mirror:  the whites are not making you crawl around with their names, beliefs, hate of Blackness, straightened hair, religions, clothes, languages, holy lands, saviors, holidays, calendars---everything is white or arab.  Some are facing this lack of self-correction squarely; others are not.  The lateness of this maturation/realization demonstrates the contemporary barrenness and desertification of ideas, and the desperate straits and leadership vacuum which faces the African freedom movement in the United States.  


 

For nearly 85% of the time the United States has been a nation it has overtly enslaved and/or segregated/discriminated/cheated Black people in this country. Millions of innocent Black children were herded into the worst schools and subjected to a dumbed down curriculum administered by a racist federal government founded on centuries of slavery and discrimination.   They grew up to be adults, most of whom have yet to even get rid of white names, holidays, clothing, habits, religions, saviors, languages, holidays, holy lands---everything.  In every-way, the ruling class, race, gender, and culture has their Aryan educational system in the United States and the world is running on auto-pilot.   That would pose no problem if our present educational aims were compatible with the aims of the emerging Nazi/conservative movements in education. They are not.


Those Jim Crow/Aryan model aims are simple: keep Black folk one notch under white workers in education, training and skill trades; keep Black youth away from as much science as possible while they are young so that they will never be the engineers of civilization (social systems, architecture, economic systems, political systems, material culture) that their great ancestors were in ancient African Kmt.  This is just another variant of a post-slavery European strategy for keeping Africans underdeveloped and dependent reserve manual and semi-machine workers. 

In this way, Afrocentric, and African centered is not enough.  We need scientific curricula which solve the real world/material culture problems of African people for modernized methods of mass engineering/producing food, clothing, shelter, education, health care, transportation, employment, highways, clean drinking water, and moral/martial necessities of life in this world---along with correct African history and lists of achievements.  Independence must be complete.  No more slavishly crawling around parroting historical enslavers.


As Armah said it best:


"Our present educational aims are no less clear. In principle their focus is the liberation of African intelligence to work for the benefit of our continent and society. Reflexes designed long ago to achieve the subjugation of Africans cannot serve to free us. Training systems designed to inculcate servile reflexes cannot work to teach habits of freedom. Instruments designed to keep our economies and societies underdeveloped and dependent cannot serve to develop our continent and to liberate our productive intelligence. To achieve our libratory aims we need to abandon the old colonial reflexes and instruments, and to replace them with instruments and reflexes of our making, rationally tailored to the achievement of our aims. Hence the need to change the struc­ture and content of our educational system."

present educational aims are no less clear. In principle their focus is the liberation of African intelligence to work for the benefit of our continent and society. Reflexes designed long ago to achieve the subjugation of Africans cannot serve to free us. Training systems designed to inculcate servile reflexes cannot work to teach habits of freedom. Instruments designed to keep our economies and societies underdeveloped and dependent cannot serve to develop our continent and to liberate our productive intelligence. To achieve our libratory aims we need to abandon the old colonial reflexes and instruments, and to replace them with instruments and reflexes of our making, rationally tailored to the achievement of our aims. Hence the need to change the struc­ture and content of our educational system."

This is what we must do. 


From Criticizing White/Arab Racist to African Humanities Curricula
 

Africa is the very cradle of the human species, human societies, human civilization, human intelligence, and the advanced human mind. It was the African mind in KMT that first systematically pondered the universe and organized a galactic calendar over 7000 years ago. The arts, sciences, martial arts, law, medicine, architecture, engineering, mathematics, physics, biology, urban planning, mining, manufacturing, astronomy, ship building, government, project management---all of these and more were practiced in Kmt 2000-3000 years before they were practiced in any white, Arab, or Jewish settlement or city-state.  In fact the first federal nation in the world was in the unification of Upper and Lower Kmt over 5000 years ago.  The debates with whites should end; our mission in life is not to save/correct white people.  African scientists/educators must get to the work of scientifically establishing the structure, content, and process of African Humanities from the beginning of human-kind until present.

The precise and scientific study of African history by independent African researchers, from prehistory to antiquity, through the present era, reveals an unbroken cultural, and genetic link: from ancient KMT's impact on the culture of the rest of the African continent to the unity of all African languages, African history is one continuous, unbroken narrative of a people with a related historical consciousness. Even discontinuities, changes, and failures belong to this continuity.  African scientists must unearth this process, and rebuild a body of scientific humanities, arts and sciences on a human firm African cultural legacy.

Through an empowering will to justice with science African civilization must stand on its feet again. It must sing its own songs in its own languages, it must build its own architectural structures in its own image based on the great examples set in antiquity, it must think its own thoughts, pray its own prays to its own supreme creators, it must build its own factories, make its own cars, design its own cities, pave its own highways, technologically plant its own food, etc.  African civilization must be born again.

Petty side battles, and meaningless intellectual chatter with racists is immaterial.  


In sum, African Humanities is a vast human drama, spanning many centuries and continents. The history begins in Africa, with its rich and vibrant heritage of science, mathematics, arts, languages, architecture, philosophy, and culture. TaSeti, Nubia, KMT (Egypt), Carthage, Ghana, Mall, Songhey were shining examples of African civilizations for thousands of years. It was on this tradition that Africans stood; it was this tradition that nourished Africans; it was this tradition that prepared Africans for a meaningful future.

Over time, however, the traditional indigenous Africa way of life was shattered by invasion after invasion, spanning over 2700 years. Disrupted, corrupted, and in many ways destroyed, the African continent by the 15th century was easy prey for what became the Holocaust of African Enslavement. This process is the reason why millions of Africans are scattered throughout the Western Hemisphere. It also holds the key to the present condition of African people everywhere in the world. Until 1492ad, what became called North America had been settled almost exclusively by successive waves of Asians who migrated into the Western Hemisphere by way of the Bering Straits at the end of the fourth glaciation period (the Wisconsin glaciation) beginning over 40,000 years ago. What began in the 15th century as intercontinental treasure hunts, culminated in European colonization of already inhabited land in India, Northern Africa, West Africa, South Africa, Southeast Asia, Caribbean Islands, Central America, South America, North America, China, Australia, Greenland, Iceland, Oceania, the Pacific Islands, Siberia, New Zealand, etc.

Therefore, what became called the United States, (occupying 3,678,896 square miles of land mass, latitude 24'N to 49'W and longitude 67'W to 124'W east by the Atlantic Ocean and west by the Pacific Ocean), is but one significant offspring of this epochal process.


No doubt the fraudulent misconception of world history presented by Eurocentric and Arabicentric researchers is being overthrown by the re-emergence of Africa on the stage of universal history.  But this process is unfolding at a snail's pace in a time when the emerging "nazification" of European conservative thought is being driven by economic, political, and social decay of capitalist and socialist societies around the world.  


Because the vast majority of the social science and cultural information about the world is not accurate, but is usually biased in the favor of the class, race, sex/gender, and culture that rules the material and intellectual means of creation around the world.  Therefore, those members of the human family who descended from Europe, Arabia, and Asia and who benefit from maintaining the status quo world order produce the volume of the billions of pieces of information.  When the long view of history is taken and the classical accounts of their own authorities are meticulously researched contemporary Western and Arab scholars defend their chauvinist, fraudulent, and archaic positions with regard to Africa. 


When African researchers begin to scientifically study the origin of life in Africa, the origins of the first class societies in Africa, the origins of the first advanced civilizations in KMT (Egypt), the contribution classical KMTic society and the Nile Valley societal systems, Western scholars maintain their strangle hold on a type of slave history that they themselves wrote for Africans.  During the period of history the enslavers wrote the only written mainstream history that whites and Arabs enslaved the entire.    Even when their own intellectual heroes, such as Aristotle, Herodotus, Plato, Pythagoras, and others, give eyewitness accounts of the fact that the ancient Egyptians were Black and, even more important, their first and only teachers in the form of science and philosophy.   Time wasted trying to convince whites to stop their racism, however, is not only based on a counterproductive slave mentality, but in this formrn period of white "nazification" it possibly genocidal.  


African people must not be afraid to study, criticize, understand and stand by their own culture, independent of white, Jewish, and Arab imperialist. 

Return to the Source: Ancient African Kmt Foundations (4236-656)
 
The Question


  1. An answer is profitable in proportion to the intensity of the quest. A problem clearly envisaged, a point succinctly made, hold the elements of the solution in themselves. Learn to ask the question.
  2. Strive to throw out the superfluous and uncover the essential. Refrain from using unnecessary words.
  3. To frame a question, first go to the heart of the problem. Everyone is moved by an urge that governs life (to the student-what is yours?).
  4. Life's purpose-children ought to be challenged to consider this and strive to know what is necessary to fulfill it.
  5. Make your own life, your phenomenal self, the center of enquiry if you wish to know its goal.
  6. You cannot know your goal unless you know your ending. Your true purpose will guide you to knowledge. Lines of force determine your real aim, so that you are fatally directed by the facts of your aim and ending. Establish the relationship between your own disposition (make up, tendencies) and that of other existences if you wish to know how you will end. Actions reveal one's aim.
  7. If your aim is higher than satisfaction of the tendencies of the animal nature, seek the difference between your own real ending and theirs. The measure in which your disposition and aim surpass theirs will indicate the quality of your own real aim and ending.
  8. Listen first to your convictions, even if they seem absurd.
  9. If there exists a body of law that binds all forms of life together, this establishes between them sensory imperceptible relations which, since they are outside the range of reasonable logic, may well be called absurd until experience shows that concrete fact can emerge from the abstract.
  10. To reject what seems absurd, without discrimination, is to reject the possibility of knowing the laws in question. Learn to distinguish between the certainties of the heart and blind adherence to words. Accept your hearts certainty, and then seek proof of its truth or falsehood.
  11. Death is an undeniable fact, whereas life isn't a fact but a sum of effects that derive from an abstract and incomprehensible cause.
  12. Teachers ask students to draw conclusions. When the conclusions do not precisely flow from the evidence from which they are drawn, it is incumbent on the teachers to point out the problems-e.g., your conclusions are inexact.
  13. Death is a subtraction if life has definitely ceased or been annihilated; or it is a division if something has been separated from the body. To learn what has been separated from the body, observe what brings about death in nature and how it shows itself. What brings it about is the cessation, or accomplishment, of the reason for living; in which case death shows what the reason for the living was.  [knowing the quality of something by its ending; studying the cause by its effect; reverse engineering]
  14. Death shows itself by the disappearance of movement and warmth. The first effect is the ending of the incomprehensible drive that gave the heart and body movement; after which the body is abandoned to destructive changes, showing that what left the body is what kept it going.
  15. If a principle isn't in you, you'll find it nowhere. If it is, it will disclose itself and you'll find it everywhere
  16. Learn to know the world in yourself. Never look for yourself in the world, for this would be to project your illusions.
  17. Seek truth in numbers and geometrical function. They will give you facts that are inescapable and no person or sentimental consideration can set them aside.
  18. To teach one must know the nature of those whom one is teaching, their symbol. Study men and things through their symbolism.

Ancient African Kmt's Foundations: The Answer


 

  1. In every vital activity, it is the path that matters, for it involves all possible relationships of time, space and means between a beginning and its end, an unfolding of law through the means.  Relationships may vary according to the means, according to the direction of the path, whose point of departure, material or ideal, is the door that determines the nature and direction of the way
  2. It allows neither detour nor willful complexity: the law is strict, the canon not indulgent. One who seeks the real no longer puts any trust in appearance.
  3. Coldness is in the exactitude of the law, but life moves and fire is hot.
  4. The science of measurement gives knowledge of ‘imperturbable laws' provided it starts out from reality and not from a supposition.  All philosophical axioms should be susceptible of translation into mathematics, necessarily geometrical, for a mathematic that isn't expressed in geometrical terms opens the door to rationalistic hypotheses which lead to error. Mysticism consists in direct consciousness by confusion, fusion; a state of transparency that gives direct, total vision of a harmony, not at all a matter of understanding. To seek this result by a play of thought and weaving of notions is to fall into the fanciful and erroneous
  5. Be precise in your studies, avoid fantasy, be careful not to transpose the procedures of the three modes of instruction; such indiscipline turns the discipline from that path that leads to the subtlest revelations
  6. Truth stands forever. What matters is the growth of your consciousness, which is the relation between the personal you and the process of ka. Each truth you learn will be as new as though it had never been written. It will always have the importance of a discovery, through its resonance through your own number and particular function in cosmos. This is particular to each student.
  7. Neters are expressions of the principles and functions of KA in nature. The neters are within you. An offering arouses the consciousness and desire of the neter's action. Such desire is the force of attraction (mer). A want, a need, a void that longs to be filled-this is the active principle of sacrifice, based on the law of compensation.
  8. Every phenomenon is a reactive effect, that an active cause never produces a direct effect, since it remains abstract, imperceptible, unless there is resistance. When a resistance of the same kind as the cause absorbs and annuls it-this is a death; when the resistance becomes active in its turn, the effect will be a life phenomenon-the second crossing
  9. The practice of sacrifice is a defense of human consciousness against the deadly effect of the search for satisfaction. Animal man obeys the desire of satisfaction as nature obeys the law of inertia. Satisfaction of a desire neutralizes it and this is a kind of death. The only active force that arises out of possession is fear of losing the object possessed: this is an egoism, constrictive, which consequently diminishes more or less the power of its appeal.
  10. All true sacrifice arouses in the giver faith in the thing he desires or the power to bring it about
  11. there may be confusion of the various intentions in the act of sacrifice, the object of which may be to awaken creative faith in the thing desired, to evoke the thing by desire or the magic of analogues, or to provoke its realization by reaction
  12. To provoke is to excite reaction in the thing, being or power to which provocation is addressed by resisting it. If you defy an enemy by doubting his courage you double.
  13. Evocation invites actualization of the desired object by offering the thing, principle or idea that will act towards it magnetically, direct or by the magic of analogues. On the one hand, it works by creating a want or void that becomes the mer, or attractive force, for a thing of its own kind; on the other hand evocation uses the magic of analogues, which is the intelligent choice of an analogue with the characteristics of the desired thing. You invoke by analogy what you wish for the dead.
  14. To judge well of the matter you must acquire what you still lack, knowledge of analogues in nature, which we always use in our symbolic images
  15. The value of our method of thinking (in the consideration of themes) lies in an integral correspondence with the laws of nature that gives them the character of universality.
  16. Pth is creative force bound through the fall into matter. It is the cause of life but it only lives when peace, hotep, htp or pth in reverse, releases it: that is to say when peace or union has been made between the creative energy and what is to be given life.  There is a destroying fire in Ptah that becomes creative when this union is achieved.
  17. Sacrifice pride and an offering acquires efficacy
  18. Life is the power, immanent in created things, to change themselves by successive destructions of form until the spirit or activating force of the original life-stream is freed. This power resides in the very nature of things. Successive destruction of forms, metamorphoses, by the divine fire with rebirth of forms new and living is an expression of consciousness.
  19. One who recognizes the divine meaning of life knows that knowledge has but one aim, which is to achieve the successive stages that liberate him from the perishable. For things only die in their body.
  20. The nut doesn't reveal the tree it contains. Bury my word in your heart that it may put out root and seed; then return untiring to seek your nourishment in it until you have exhausted its substance.
  21. Work hard and acquire the habit of forgetting egoistic interests on pain of being expelled as a hindrance
  22. Everyone has faults; we are all in the process of growing. It is not an obstacle if you don't annoy your neighbors. If you have ambition, you will be reassured or disappointed; it does to intuition what the weevil does in a granary. Anyone who works out of ambition is soon recognized and the door shut in her/his face
  23. Ambition is powerful in one who seeks to dominate others. for one whose interest is not in effects but in causes, ambition loses its reason for existing: she/he will occupy her/himself with the play of natural forces, destiny, the laws that govern things, rather than with acquiring power.
  24. Don't say anything if your heart isn't free to speak
  25. One learns from everything. For the disciple every gesture is a theme to be mastered.
  26. Children see many who are greedy for money and the favor of the rulers (people with money, etc.) than in love with their work and the truth.
  27. Knowledge (wisdom, etc.) is altered or renewed according to the necessities of the epoch
  28. Learn to reason from evidence.
  29. Recognize, in the face of evidence, the universal character of people's (teachers) knowledge or allow for symbolic functions...which takes nothing from the fact that these people have left indisputable testimony to their science in their architectural work.
  30. It isn't the daily performance of a function that matters, but the fundamental knowledge that gives mastery and allows of its being communicated.
  31. Preservation of high achievement over millennial-continuity of traditional teaching on temple walls (documentary record) in every age, an inviolate secrecy that protects it and the anonymity of the work.
  32. The state of affairs is open to injustices and the weaknesses inherent in human nature. Our monuments and texts display continuous fidelity to the wholeness of our tradition. Thus two realities co-exist: on the one hand the imperfection of people who have no other horizon than the coercive duties of material and social life; on the other hand the splendor and perfection of work done for the temple.
  33. Individual worth is assessed by competent teachers, according to the qualities of heart and professional capacity.
  34. The difficulty is to discern those who are likely to develop, those with unappreciated gifts, those capable of rapid progress. And when they are discovered it remains to give them the means of showing what is in them. One cant impost virtues that passion thwarts on every occasion. It is necessary that the pleasure the awakening of their gifts excites shall bring them the consciousness of real nobility; the nobility of altruism, work done for an impersonal motive, incorruptibility.
  35. No person is competent in that sphere who hasn't been trained in the proper school: that's why there must be a higher organization, an organization with what we may call psychological consciousness that permeates the social order without violating it and prevents suffocation of the lotus that is trying to reach light at the surface
  36. Society is conceived as a tree with roots, trunk, leaves, and fruit. Each of the tree's organs has its laws of generation and production. The task is to learn how the cells of the trunk are selected in such as way that they provide the power needed to give tree life while maintaining its strength, regardless of the difficulties.  The root, fixed point is wisdom. The center of the tree-the nucleus-is the vital heart of society. The first concentric circle is the inner circle of initiates; the second is composite; the third-the outer-has no relation to the first. [speaks to the roles of people in society, or in any field of study for that matter. There is the small group of decision-makers, people whose work constitutes the essential core of work done, the most advanced thinkers, the elite. People's work, their deeds, efforts determine where among the masses their contributions will be. Free will, each person chooses from various possibilities.
  37. The lives of members of the core group is different than most. Do not get caught up in worldly stupidities. Struggles are internal, as well as external-all toward the aim of improving self and the quality of contributions to the race.
  38. Where necessary, respond to students to accelerate the training.
  39. To learn, one must open her/his eyes and ears and make an exceptional effort. There is a difference between those who receive instruction and those who seek (and attain) mastery. [Schools must have in place opportunities to strengthen exceptional effort/talent]
  40. If the masses follow instinct, the strong among them will bully the weak in spite of their resistance. Passion will hold the scepter, for envious greed must govern to possess and ambition must possess to govern: their scepter is the whip. There must be a group in place that balances those led by pure impulse/instinct.
  41. Wisdom isn't the work of individuals, but of traditional training (which requires discipline)
  42. KMT's orthodoxy in writing mdw ntr meant that generations could understand what was written thousands of years prior.
  43. When luxury becomes a necessity preponderance is given to wealth. Society is no longer governed by the principle of quality but by favoritism and greed.
  44. Two tendencies govern human choice and effort-the search for quantity and the search for quality. Quantity related to material goods and their possession.
  45. Quantitative mentality, an expression of cerebral consciousness, consists in the analytical consideration of parts without vital connection
  46. Seek the essence of the issue, subject, etc. Quality is creative power. Creation (multiple expressions of an essence) manifests a hierarchy of specific qualities or multiple aspects; these belong to the world of causes, the values that form and rule matter; but they become perceptible, assessable, by way of comparison in the world of phenomena.
  47. 2 essentials must precede all particular qualities-one is a relation of harmony between a thing and its properties and the other is the vital intensity that belongs to the thing
  48. Cerebral and sensorial faculties only allow us to assess qualities through quantitative comparison, a substance more or less hard, a man more or less strong, more or less able: such assessment is relative to an individual's means of perception.
  49. Qualities of a moral order are measured by deeds.
  50. Intelligence of the heart is vision of the real or communion of with it, with what in reality is, or again with the essential nature and quality of the thing. Integral vision or knowledge of this order excludes all possibility of personal interpretation whether intellectual or emotional...otherwise it is no longer intelligence of the heart. It is personal interpretation that is fallible, being susceptible to subjective judgment.
  51. When cerebral consciousness can read instinct without mistake, it becomes intuition. Cultivate intuition if we are to perceive vital qualities of things and beings, and their relation of harmony
  52. People cultivate intuition when we encourage the craftsmen to put quality first in the smallest piece of work, when we awaken in our students a consciousness of the relations that link all things, in general when we formulate the laws of analogy, and finally when by representations of the principles and by the symbolism of letters we describe the functions and qualities in nature
  53. One can't stifle the masses by obliging them to practice what is as yet beyond their capacity. They must have scope for their turpitude and opportunity to gain consciousness of it through struggle.
  54. Selective activity can only proceed by experiment and indirect test, which is really the aim of the system. In this way teachers can guide those chosen in the use of their real aptitudes and give them effective means of developing their gifts.
  55. An individual's training and aspiration that determines the choice that is made of her/him, which besides leads him step by step to pleasures of higher quality. Those who take the path of austerity are a few
  56. There is heredity in principle, but it is wrong to ascribe powers and qualities to immediate heredity without verification.

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African Education Links

African Education: Science+Culture+Morality

Fundamentals of an Educational System

Maat

Recent Changes and Implications for the Education of Our Children

Anatomy of African-centered education

African Education

Notes on Kmt-Based Education

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Guiding World View

Guiding Philosophy

System of Methods

Practices

K-12 Applied Physical Science Objectives

Curriculum Outline: Africa & African Studies

  

African centered to African Humanities


Historical Context


Education is rooted in philosophy, not just on programs, curriculum, or topics to be taught. Education requires a social and historical context, cultural purpose or function, philosophical orientation, and human intention toward which education ultimately strives as a fundamental goal in accomplishing the transfer of useful human knowledge to the next generation.   That knowledge is moral/ethical, mental/scientific, and martial/applied.  In this way all populations of the world have in common that they are "requiring a village to raise and educate a child."


Education can motivate students to learn or it can make them feel as if they are nothing, that their population did nothing in history, can never do anything, and therefore should not even give maximum effort toward learning in school because it does not matter at the end of the day.  This has become perhaps the central issue in the socialization element of urban public education delivery and digestion: how to motivate, inspire, interest Black students in academic excellence toward mastery of the state mandated information delivered to them---within the context of sustained matriculation toward ultimate graduation.  Graduation for what?  What future do they have in the USA society when even whites are being forced out of jobs in masses, foreclosed, hungry and homeless?   Education for what? 


Public education in any city, statewide and nationally is a physical, mental and moral socialization process which starts with: (1) information, (2) offered in concentrated doses according to federal and state standards, (3) preserved in general learning content material (GLCs), and (4) delivered to k-12 youth via educational institutions and their many offspring-local boards of education, central administration, site administration, faculty, staff, curricula, books, instructional materials, educational technologies, communities, neighborhoods, extended families, parents and peers.  Each element in this process of educating a child from kindergarten to 12th grade has qualitative, quantitative, and motivational aspects and dimensions which are measurable. 


In the past 40 years debate on educational achievement, standardized testing, graduation rates, retention, and curriculum inclusion, has intensified in the United States, Africa, the rest of the Diaspora, and the world as a whole.  The biased nature of the Western educational content is evident in its roots: the structure and content of the U.S. educational system were both inherited from the systems of enslavement and jim crow, as well as post civil rights desegregation federal, state and local institutions. 


Reproducing biased educational institutions and content would pose no problem if our present educational aims were compatible with the aims of artificially inflating white superiority, while at the same time denigrating, diminishing, and deflating Black contributions to humanity.  The acidic impact is now obvious: in public school districts which have 80%-90% of its students being African American academic conditions have worsened to crisis proportions.  The recent reports regarding the 50 top metropolitan school districts are instructive, even if are politically motivated.   Essentially, Black children are not graduating in face of this context of educational bias, bad teachers, administrators who do not care about Black working class children, an economy that has no future jobs for them, and a society which sees them as throwaway populations.  This is a class question as much as a race and culture question.  Just look at Detroit Michigan spending 3-4 times the amount necessary to build Cass Tech High School and  Rennassance public High School for middle class Black children---while closing over 30 schools in working class neighborhoods and warehousing sometimes 40-50 of these impoverished Black students to a classroom.  No child is more special than the next, otherwise you are copying the worst element of the enslaver's system: favoritism.  You cheat the working class stiudents out of scientic lab facilities, books, qualty teachers, quality curriculum.  Then you have the nerve to compare test scores and graduation rates.  Build/make all the schools equal.  Then you have a basis for comparision after you give the same life opportunities to the children's families. 

Once in class, the curriculum is a cell block for most working class students who already are herded into substandard/overcrowded facilities with many faculty and administrators who, in their deeds, could care less about them. The lies/false information/fabrications are everywhere.  
Although there have been recent modifications/corrections, the centerpiece of biased educational philosophy, theory, methods and content is rooted in the belief that: (1) prehistoric hominid life (AA,HH,HE,HSN,HSS), (2) the development and intellectualization of modern homo sapiens sapiens, (3) the emergence of the first class-based forms of ancient society, (4) the most advanced forms of classical ancient civilization-all started with Europeans, and (5) that Black populations made no significant contributions to the forward flow of human history and humanities.  This is a false series of standard operating procedures from universities to kindergarten, even though emerging scientific evidence in anthropology, archeology, linguistics, history, literature, logic, philosophy, and science suggests that Africa and Africans were early initiators of humanity, its intellectualization, and the development of civilizations before the period of mass enslavement and social disruption retarded/stunted the growth of Black societies and productivity.  Instead of rejecting the inaccurate, distorted and often fabricated histories of each content area/field of study (math, science, language arts, art, literature, physical education, etc.) many Black students innocently lose motivation, interest, or faith in the entire educational process.  Trust is central here.


The 30-year African-centered education movement primarily consisted of efforts to critique/correct white mainstream racialist ideology, opinion, methods, and practice in history, curriculum content, state standards and education pedagogy, while seeking insertion, infusion, inclusion, or integration of Black facts into the prevailing order and mainstream historical summations.  In so doing, black intellectuals faced direct resistance from an academic arena whose very careers were made propagating (in many cases unintentionally) 500 years of racist stereotypes and caricatures of Black and other nonwhite peoples.  Well-intended or not, the results have been damaging, and thus require proper remedies.  Drop out rates, lack of graduation, lack of motivation, lack of interest, lack of achievement, behavioral issues of alienation, tardiness and truancy are all related in some way to a student's rejection of the obviously flawed and inaccurate social science, history and humanities information they are forced to digest to pass exams.  


Yet, in the midst of all of this, state exams have to be passed, educational content (primarily scientific and applied mathematical) has to be mastered, children have to matriculate to graduation, and job/career opportunities for the adult that was the child must be made available in order that one might have faith that the educational path/process was not a waste of time.  African-centered education emerged within this context.


Necessary Afrocentrism Transitions/Maturation


African-centered education has developed through various stages and is currently entering a new developmental level.


  • 1. The expansion of educational opportunities in the 1950s and 1960s was directly tied to the economic expansion associated with post-World War II reconstruction. The success of the civil rights movement was partially tied to the need of private industries to employ a more highly educated workforce.
  • 2. Affirmative action policies helped to ensure that black and other people had limited access to educational institutions previously denied to them. Inevitably there was an impact on American universities, particularly mainstream, newly integrated ones. The impact took the form of successful demands by African Americans for the establishment of Black Studies and, later, other similar programs in mainstream universities.
  • 3. In the late 1960s and 1970s black administrators and educators, particularly in urban areas, sought to infuse missing pieces of history into their classes, celebrate the positive (sometimes accurate, sometimes made up) aspects of black people's contributions to the world, post black-affirming posters in the classrooms and write black affirming songs and poetry. These early foundations of African-centered education were more cultural than scientific, based largely on feel good conceptions of black history.
  • 4. The 1980's and 1990's saw Black educators attempting to infuse bits of Black facts into a nationwide/federal educational system (university, college, K-12), while expending tremendous energy revealing and criticizing the holes in the distorted mainstream white, Greco-Roman, male, paradigm. Because of the wealth of early human accomplishments in civilization, the debates between white and black scholars have been fiercest in the field of Egyptology or the study of Ancient African Kmt. Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop and Dr. Theophile Obenga, for example, presented the evidence establishing the African origins of humanity, civilization and the primary role in the founding of Ancient Kmt (today called Egypt) and of the Nile Valley.
  • 5. Overall, the earlier tasks were formidable: chip away at an educational model which is philosophically over 250 years old and a biased worldview which comes dripping with the blood of 500 years of slavery, holocaust and genocide. This does not excuse the fact, however, that at times African centered education was misguided, limited to "calling out sessions" and debates, narrowly defined, male-centered, absent scientific/engineering content, and without education focus or merit.

While meaningful for the period in which these ideas and practices were born-the 1980s and early 1990s-a new approach is needed. With thousands of disgruntled Black parents withdrawing their children from public schools each semester of each school year, we can start to motivate/inspire children to stay in school, pass their exams, graduate, prepare for trades and/or further university educations, work hard, give their best, and achieve the merits of a balanced diverse, and inspiring education.  But we must cast our buckets down right here in the Detroit Public School district. 


Foundations of African Centered Living


The foundation of rubrics is necessarily based on the ideal; in our case, African represents the ideal.  However given that there are over 50 countries and thousands of tribal groups, what do we mean by African? To answer this we must go to the source-classical African civilization, which is Kmt.  All modern societies have their philosophical, ideological, theoretical, methodological and cultural roots in their ancient civilizations....except us.  The roots are solidly planted in ancient soil, but elements must be modernized (and are by other populations) to reflect modern/future realities and expectations.


European-Arab

Eur-Arab/African

African/Euro-Arab

African


Complete reflection of E/A

Partial reflection of E/A-more E/A than African

Partial reflection of E/A-more African than E/A

Complete reflection of African

Personal





Nutrition

Mostly meat



Mostly raw-vegan

Health care





Family

Male dominated; women as baby makers, helpers to what men are doing



Woman-man in balance

Hair

Chemically treated to look white/arab



Natural (no weave, no chemicals, no extensions)

Names

European/arab-slave names unchanged

African name but with no legal changes

1stor last name legally non-arab African

Completely

Clothing

European clothing & design



All African fabric & design

Religion/Spirituality

Christian-Islam



Moral Kmt framework

Study





Language





Discipline





Greetings





Rituals





Family





Morality





Practices





Underlying beliefs





Method of decision-making





Treating people





Relationships





Family





Marriage





Children





Friends





Associates





Strangers





Other





School





Board





Community





Administration





Teachers





Staff





Curriculum





Pedagogy





Lesson plans





Teaching methods





Building aesthetics





Knowledge





Philosophy





Worldview





Method of study





Method of learning







African Humanities and World Humanities


We inherited a world ready-made when we are born.  It is in motion, literally and historically.  We are born into movements, deciding whether to be on the regressive or progressive side, the moribund or the nascent new, the rotten or the ripe, the decaying or that which is being born.  Today the most progressive elements of the African-centered movement have matured to a focus on stand-alone African Humanities curricula which would be taught along side Asian Humanities, Indian Humanities, European Humanities, Arab Humanities, Native/Chechimecan Humanities, etc. 


  • 1. Diversity is not a threat to truth and scientific accuracy; it is a necessary element.  European humanities are not world humanities and should not continue to masquerade as such. 
  • 2. Thus generally, one population has a false sense of superiority and is hyper-motivated/inspired, while the other has a false sense of innate inferiority and flounders aimlessly without motivation, desire to excel or direction.
  • 3. To become educated one must internalize what they are being taught, be open to it, accept it, be interested in it, be alert, be willing to learn. Otherwise, for the child who is alienated from what they are taught, school becomes a burden---a place to reject, to escape, a place just to go through the motions. African centered education via the African Humanities can help in this area.
  • 4. The populations of the world must write their own histories for each field of human studies, speak with their own voices, and develop their own humanities---the most capable of their academic experts.  Then their children can understand and appreciate their own unique contribution to the forward flow of humanity.  As it stands now Africans and native Americans are the only populations in the United States without their own "Humanities" leading each of their educational fields of study. 
  • 5. Accordingly, it is our professional responsibility to examine our curricula, the information we are teaching our children, our methods of teaching our children, the content of what we teach them and why to judge whether they meet our present and future needs; to reject them if they do not, and to create new, intelligently adapted curricula where the existing ones have outlived their usefulness.
  • 6. In the fulfillment of this responsibility, the Detroit Public School district has to come together to redesign plans for a curriculum of diversity which elevates it minority students, also, as they battle to achieve a better scientific understanding of nature and thought.
  • 7. Euro-centered educational paradigms and systems cannot serve to free, motivate, and inspire youth to scale new heights educationally. With graduation rate less than 30% in many urban public school districts, it is obvious that youth of today are rejecting the information presented to them as authentic, and accurate.
  • 8. Training systems that render invisible, misrepresent, or otherwise distort reality as it has unfolded over time cannot work to teach habits of freedom, scientific proficiency, and applied critical thought and self mastery. Instruments designed to keep minorities underdeveloped and dependent cannot serve to develop productive intelligence.
  • 9. To achieve our aims so that nearly two-thirds of our Detroit stop dropping out of school before graduation, we need to abandon the old derogatory educational reflexes and instruments, and replace them with accurate content, facts, evidence, and instruments of our making, rationally tailored to the achievement of high educational achievement, retention, graduation, self worth and self esteem, and moral/civic responsibility.

We need to give specific weight to each portion of humanity so that African historians will in future possess a basic minimum of world history, at the very least, with no irrational emphasis on any one group.  Africans are no better than Europeans, Asians, Indians or any other population.  But certainly Africans are no worst. 


In this pursuit, we shall need to make exploratory use of all realms of discourse, research and practice to develop efforts to better understand the historical realities of the peoples of the world.  In the end we are able to improve the delivery, content, diversity and accuracy of educational information, while correcting the historical record and thus producing healthy, skilled, educated and wholesome citizens of a global community.


African Humanities in Education: Definition and Organizational Structure


African Humanities is a terms that captures a new direction of intellectual and scientific thinking and practice. It is a worldview informed by its philosophical foundations and which gives rise to theory, methods and practices reflective of it. 


The African humanities definition of African centered philosophy is measurable, motivational, and accurate, fosters educational achievement and moral uplift---one that permits us to evaluate ourselves according to the ideal standard and begin to move in the direction of self correction and improvement. 


The African Humanities have moved forward on this by sharpening educational standards, establishing the standards and definition, content, delivery and assessment. It demands that we develop a rubric by which we evaluate ourselves as an individual, family, community, school, college, university, society and offer people as guidelines for internal transformation:


•1.         School-wide governance system-State Standards, policies and procedures, Board of Education, administration

•2.        School-wide maintenance system-monitor, clean, repair, safety, beautification

•3.        Curriculum design and implementation system-committee, research, assessment, report, revision

•4.        Continuous improvement system-committees, evaluations, recommendations, changes, professional development & training

•5.        Technological system-internet, intranet, computers, cellular phones, iPODS,

•6.        Moral system-standards, guiding principles, assessment, consequences

•7.        Cultural system-standards for clothes, greetings, rituals

•8.        Recreational system-staff, committee, guidelines for activity quantity and quality, activities (internal & external, during & after), parental & community involvement, assessment

•9.        Parental and community involvement---Community standards, openness to the community, use of learning centers, internet, tutoring services

•10.      [Seamless matriculation] system-orientation of students & parents, matriculation, clear standards & guidelines for promotion, graduation expectations


What Must Be Done Now to Improve African Education and Enrollment/Retention[1]


Increasingly and presently, state-wide curricula and testing establish standards in each discipline (not only the core, but also in other areas). The standards are not necessarily the problem for African-centered education, however; establishing standards, learning benchmarks, and a means to motivate the children to set high educational standards and achieve them are as important.  African centered education via an integration of African humanities curricular content into of each subject area (language arts reading, writing, mathematics, science, art, physical education, etc.) should be one aspect of the goal.  This is an important aspect given that over 94% of the District's children are of African ancestry/lineage.    


Two problems for African-centered educators and institutions are: (1) Black academics, educators and practitioners have not produced enough African Humanities curricular materials--curricula, textbooks, workbooks and other materials--for classroom use and professional development. Therefore they have to rely on a combination of usually patchwork, hodge-podge, eclectic, and often biased textbooks produced by national publishing companies and materials that they either create themselves (individually) or pull from other sources (articles, handouts, books, etc.). (2) The State Curriculum, and the standardized tests reflective of it, presents and assesses historically wrong information (e.g., in regard to ancient civilizations) and misinformation as it relates to African and indigenous populations.  The students must be motivated and inspired to learn this information, remember it, and report it on their standardized exams.  We suggest they be taught to remember it while understanding and critiquing it.  In this way they learn critical analysis in an applied context.


There is serious work involved here.  Because funding for schools is tied directly to performance on standardized tests, schools and teachers must adopt curricula and use textbooks that prepare students to take this test. But if students are not motivated/inspired/interested by their educational experience, or are depressed by the content material, many will be turned off and thus perform poorly.  Motivating students to learn is at the heart of urban education, especially when the curriculum appears to be a racist cell-block to them.  Thus, educators in African-centered context are presented with the quadruple, but necessary task of (1) preparing lessons with the textbooks that teach to the test (which is reflective of the state curriculum and expectations), (2) correcting historical inaccuracies and misrepresentations where necessary, (3) inserting Black civilization (experiences, lessons, discoveries, etc.) into the existing curriculum, and (4) all the while teaching children how to discern when to recite inaccurate information (during the test) and when to rely upon evidence.


In addition, parents and families send their children to African-centered schools because they want the same type of human self pride, self worth, and esteem that other populations ensure for their children.  Therefore, African centered education is needed through the African humanities, under the umbrella of World Humanities, with a balanced/accurate presentation of the humanities of each population/culture by that population's academic experts, teachers, and administrators.   


RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SELECT DISCIPLINES


Designed and administered properly, ACE via African Humanities curricula integration prepares children to value their humanity, to have dignity and pride, to strive for the very best, to work hard, to build relationships based on integrity and equality and to never give up. The representations of Black people in the media, schools, prisons, etc., present distorted images and conflicting messages. African centered educators strive to not only correct these representations through critical analysis, scientific inquiry and in depth discussions, but also strive to assist children to define their purpose in life and chart the path toward its fulfillment.

Each humanities should be allowed to flower and bloom within the acceptable standards of accurate scientific presentation of evidence, chronology, historical context/events, and logical summation. 

INTEGRATE ACCURATE African, Asian, European, Indian, arab, Native American Humanities

CURRICULUM CONTENT AREA

Early Elementary

Late Elementary

Middle/Junior High School

Early High School

Late High School

Math







Writing







Reading







Literature







History







Social Studies







Science







Physical Education







Technology/Engineering







Health







Music & Arts








African Humanities

Recommendations

  • That the World Humanities curriculum be adapted for diverse humanities contributions in each field of study harmonizing science, language arts, social studies, mathematics, art, physical education, and the liberal arts; That African Humanities be one section of a diverse collection of required humanities sections.
  • That the program of study/lesson plans for k-12 be standardized to include accurate/balanced information on the diverse humanities of each population before the applied elements of the core curriculum content material is presented in a carefully planned unitary design concentrating on elements common to various branches of the world's people;
  • That in the conception of society and humanities, the aspect of dynamic accurate, changing historical development be at the heart of educational pedagogy.
  • That the definition of African society be scientifically drawn to distinguish what is African from imports consequent to invasions from Arabia and Europe.
  • That comparative components include Asian, Indian, Arab, Pre-Post Columbian Native American, Australian, Pacific and Western societies.
  • That there is no discussion of "firsts" in world humanities because each culture had it's own internal development processes before the massive epoch of invasion and conquest.

History

Recommendations

  • That world history is presented in a balanced and accurate manner reflective of new/validated scientific research findings in each field: Humanity began in Africa and all modern human beings can trace their ancestry back to African population. The cultural and social adaptations of human life therefore have a root in Africa with African peoples.
  • That the teaching and study of African history henceforth begin with the study of Ancient Kmt and Ancient Nubian history;
  • That research in the area of History be on-going, adaptive, self corrective, fluid, comprehensive and independently led by academic experts in the historical field/subject area.
  • That in the design of comparative data on humanities be released from the present emphasis on Western history be corrected, and a more equitably weighted distribution of time and texts established to cover the societies of Asia, Australia, Arab, Indian, the Pacific environment, Pre-Columbian America, etc.;
  • That World humanities curriculum development include philosophies and methodologies covering all major theories of historical development whether their origins be African, Eastern or Western;
  • That in overall syllabus design, a constant effort be made to observe a balanced for African, Eastern and Western components respectively;

Literature

Recommendations

  • That students of literature here be systematically offered inclusive/balanced/real world instruction in the literatures of Africa, Asia, India, the Americas, the Pacific and the West;
  • That in the distribution of texts and time, a balance be maintained for African, Pre-Post Columbian America, Eastern and Western inputs respectively;
  • That the prime accent in the teaching of literature be shifted from a preoccupation with consumption to a practical concern with production. In plain terms, we think students should be given opportunities not merely to learn how to read and appre­ciate literature produced by others, but also to grow into skilled producers of literature themselves;
  • That at all levels in writing be initiated and developed in the main genres: poetry, drama, fiction, expository prose, modern media;
  • That history, science, technology, economics, and sociology be given priority in social science research projects, in order to revitalize the traditional world recognition of history as prime material for literature;
  • That to this end, courses in Literature be planned in close collaboration with World Humanities Studies, History, Economics, Morality and Ethics, Sociology, Populations studies, Philosophy etc.

[1] Appendix A and Appendix B at the end of this report can be adapted to the DPS curriculum model/map.


What Must Be Done (Today)


  1. Development of political, moral, cultural, and scientific attitudes in children is a learning process that occurs in large part in the system of education
  2. Instruction in first two grades is devoted to the acquisition of language skills; instruction in higher grades is concerned with the acquisition of reading skills
  3. Material presented in readers: stories are informational, have the development of specific scientific/moral attitudes, have positive behavioral modeling as the primary intent
  4. Informational: fewest selections. Deal with basic agricultural, manufacturing, construction/architectural, nation-building, knowledge of physiology and hygiene and basic scientific knowledge, proper writing skills, basic math and engineering introduction. Impart specific information about given subjects. In general, lack political or behavioral coloration.  Children must learn how things are done, how to create again, how to design, how to manufacture, how to extract theory from practice, how to summarize practice as theory, how to plan and study, how to critically analize processes---how to think and from rational thought create their world in their own image and interest.
  5. Development of specific moral/scientific: stories concerned with molding attitude toward society, the world, themes of social and international cooperation, defense against invaders and enemy occupation. Political/moral themes are concerned with inculcating specific sets of political attitudes toward domestic and international political systems.
  6. Positive moral, mental, and martial behavioral modeling: emphasis on moral training; exemplify behavior that is considered good and worthy of emulation. Themes have as their purpose defining how an individual should act. Are designed to enable the individual to distinguish between good and bad behavior.

Spirit and Content

  1. The culture and education of the [nation] are new democratic, that is, national, scientific and popular. The main tasks in raising the cultural level of the people are: training of personnel for national construction work; liquidation of backward, mystical, anti-scientific, dependent, and fascist ideology; and developing an ideology of service to the people.
  2. Love for Africans, Africa, the motherland and the people, love of labor, love of science/engineering/shared cooperative labor, and protection of public property shall be promoted as the public spirit of all nationals of the [nation].
  3. Patterns of behavior and attitudes established during childhood and reinforced by social practices are not extinguished overnight in response to pressure or exhortations to change even when there is a conscious desire to do so on the part of the individual.
  4. Black and expert: need professional, scientific, engineering, manufacturing, construction, mining, managerial, and technical skills with which to build modern, industrialized Africa and need to create people dedicated to carrying out the great work.
  5. Academic training combined with manufacturing/agriculture/mining/construction labor
  6. Youth organizations play an important role in supervising and creating the political life of the student. Organize activities for the students during vacations and during the school year organize and prepared students to celebrate Black holidays/ceremonies/ancestors/great black men andf women who stood their ground.,
  7. Economic system determines a given politics, and after this determines a given education. Education is a derivative of and secondary to politics; education performs a definite service to economics and politics. The political ideals of a given society are its educational ideals and its political mission is its educational mission
  8. Role of the teacher is the conscientious implementation of government and organizational directives on education and of closely linking her/his work with ideology. It is the duty of the teacher to arm the student with systematic scientific knowledge and, on the basis of this, to cultivate in her/him a correct world view and philosophy of life; bring the student to recognize study as creative labor. The more closely, the more clearly, the more concretely the teacher can link a child's study with progressive political struggle and with the cause of reconstruction, the more lofty will be the quality of the child's study and labor and the more conscientious and responsible his study attitudes will be.
  9. The cultivation of civic/moral/ethical virtues should begin in childhood and their basis should be established especially in elementary school. The implementation of the "Five Loves" education is the central task of the elementary schools in the cultivation of children to become good citizens
  10. During the third year, hints of moral/ethical/political socialization are introduced. At this age, the main concern is with training the child to take care of her/himself, with developing a spirit of independence, enriching her/his knowledge of the world, satisfying her/his curiosity, enlarging her/his spoken vocabulary
  11. During the child's fourth year, attention is given to foster the child's cooperative habits and to strengthen education in love of labor and love of her/his companions. In terms of political socialization, she/he should know stories about (great leaders') love for children and how they loved children; know stories about how the Liberators fought the reactionaries.
  12. During the fifth year it is advised that the child's concepts of love of country, love for the leaders, love of labor, love of science/engineering/morality, and the protection of public property be intensified.
  13. During the sixth year, emphasis should be on fostering an enthusiasm for service, on understanding the significance of thrift and of observing rules, on hating reactionaries and imperialism, on loving peace-loving nations and on loving new Africa, the Liberators and who they serve. The six year old should possess the following: know that Africa is the motherland; to know, love and respect the leaders of the African people; to know what the organization does and what the Liberators do; to know the birthday of the organization and the formation of the Liberators
  14. On the basis of fundamental relationships, the child can be led from a love of the family to a love for his village, town, city, state, county, region, nation, and natural environment.   From a love of her/his teacher, she/he can be led to a love for the school and for society, and through a love of her/his own organization

Toward African Youth Socialization


  1. Program objectives: (1) lectures on the culture and abundant local products of the motherland and on her greatness and strength, and on the elevation in her international position in order to cultivate in the child a high degree of national self-respect and self-confidence and to cause her/him to love the motherland. (2) instruction on historical facts of aggression against, and oppression and exploitation of, people by imperialism, racism, white supremacy, ultra white/arab nationalism, gender domination, and cultural domination to cause the child to hate racism, sexism, class domination, cultural supremacy, and generation oppression, (3) introduction of the main points of the Common Program, to cause the child to know the correct leadership of the African people. (4) Explanation of the great strength of collectivity and cooperation.
  2. To carry out the program, the elementary school carried out classroom education, extracurricular activities and life guidance. The "21 Loves" not relegated to courses, but throughout the entire curriculum.
  3. Classroom education: History. (1) Causing the child to become aware of the outstanding traditions of industriousness and courage of African people; (2) causing the child to understand the course of the bitter struggle of the working people in transforming their natural environment; (3) causing the child to understand the history of the solidarity, mutual help, and cooperation of the African working people and the great contributions they have made; (5) causing the child to know the strength of the people and to get rid of fear and worship of imperialism; (6) Causing the child to be thoroughly aware of the reciprocal character of Maat---balance, justice, respect, right for right sake, honesty.
  4. Classroom education: Political/moral information. Emphasis on the development of the child's trust in and feeling for her/his motherland. (1) cultivating the child's spirit of the 5 loves; (2) forming the child's spirit of solidarity and mutual help in the service of the masses; (3) causing the child to have a correct knowledge of enemies and friends; (4) strengthen the child's faith in the preservation of world peace the the building of new Africa
  5. Classroom education: Language. Learning to read and write. (1) telling stories about labor, combat, production economy support, and patriotic stories to arouse the child's patriotic emotions; (2) compilation of supplementary teaching materials about commemoration days and social campaigns in order to strengthen the child's knowledge; (3) guiding the child in writing letters to children and workers in the motherland...(4) guiding the child in the practice of speaking in order to develop him into a powerful young propaganda worker.
  6. Classroom education: Arithmetic/mathematics. (1) calculations of percentiles, proportions, problems; (2) calculation of production and construction in African cities; (3) calculation of the losses of imperialism; (4) calculation of the strength of the camp of world peace (population, area, products, military, etc.)
  7. Classroom education: Geography. (1) Lectures on the valuable resources of the nation and on local products in order to elicit the child's love for the motherland and for her/his own local region; (2) introduction to the ways of life of various African people; (3) lectures about the geography of the nations of the two great world camps and about the lives of their people; (4) causing the child to become aware that the natural environment can be used to develop the productive power of human society
  8. Classroom education: Science. (1) establishment of attitudes of research and science n the child, and the destruction of superstitious concepts; (2) causing the child to know the correct uses of science. Causing her/him to know furthermore that the purpose of science is to serve politics; (3) cultivating the child's spirit of creativity and interest in science and research; (4) forming the child's awareness and habits of respect for individual health and public sanitation
  9. Classroom education: Music. Emphasis was given to the teaching of songs sufficient to arouse patriotic emotions and to foster appropriate ideology
  10. Classroom education: physical education. (1) cultivating the child's interest in and habits of exercise, martial arts, discipline, respect for elders, respect for master teachers, strength training, an endurance; (2) forming in the child a spirit of solidarity, mutual help, courage, and activeness; (3) selection of teaching materials having revolutionary ideology and educational significance.
  11. Classroom education: Art. (1) cultivating the child's creative abilities and ability to use art; (2) guiding the child in drawing propaganda cartoons; (3) guiding the child in using African symbols; (4)  guiding the child in writing artistic characters and propaganda slogans.
  12. Classroom education: Labor. (1) fostering the child's constructiveness, capacity for planning, and creativity as well as fostering his labor viewpoint and habits; (2) guiding her/him in common methods of cultivating plants and caring for animals; (3) using the waste materials to make various kinds of tools; (4) guidance in making various teaching tools
  13. Extracurricular activities aided the child to broaden her/his social and political horizons and strengthen her/his knowledge and understanding. They included:
  14. Extracurricular activities: visiting exhibitions, organizing children to watch movies, organized reading, holding commemoration meetings (on African holidays), holding debates on current events, listening to radio broadcasts.
  15. Life guidance had the objective of cultivating the child's capacity for self-awareness and autonomy, correct ideology and spirit of patriotism.
  16. Attention was given to (1) inspiring the child to draw up a moral system of right and wrong/good and bad and frequently assisting the child in a genuine self-examination; (2) guiding the children in organizing class clubs, with attention given to cultivation of a cadre from among them; (3) cultivating activist children in helping and uniting ordinary children; (4) holding training when necessary; (5) adopting the methods of competitions and challenges in order to elevate the children's initiative and enterprise; (6) strengthening corps training and widening the influence of the corps; (7) making family contacts.
  17. Basic principles of morality: to oppose all oppression; to struggle for the liberation of all workers, cultures, and sex/genders from every form of exploitation; to place the well-being of the entire society. Morality is a social ethic (collective conscience), rather than a personal ethic.


EXAMPLE OF STUDY AREAS

 

Disclosures of sophisticated and coherent ideas from the annals of historical Kemet/KMT (Egypt) presents a dilemma for the historiography of western civilization. Critically discuss suggesting reasons for the perpetuating negative representation of Kmt.


SOURCES


Diop, Cheik Anta                           Civilization or Barbarism: An Authentic Anthropology.  Chapters 16 & 17.


Obenga, Theophile                        Ancient Egypt & Black Africa: A Student's Handbook For The Study of Ancient Egypt in Philosophy, Linguistics & Gender Relations.


Bernal, Martin                             Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, VolumeI,  Introduction and Chapters 1 - 4.


Poe, Richard                                Black Spark White Fire: Did African Explorers Civilize Ancient Europe?  


Critically discuss the apparent contradictions and dilemmas the following statement poses for modern European "World History."



 

 

Education of Africans

High School to University

 

 

Area

Present (¢)

Intermediate Steps

Future (˜)

Grade Level

Through university

Building

Appearance

Clean; highly professional looking; repair & repaint

Workforce

Professional; in uniform

Tools and supplies

Organization of cleaning schedule

Cards indicating when checked & by whom; Monthly classroom floor cleaning

Policies and Procedures

Board

Complete with New KMT

School

Complete with New KMT

Philosophy and Curriculum

Complete & updated

African-centered philosophy

Established and implemented

African-centered curriculum

Revised updated curriculum

Administrators

Policies and procedures

Complete handbook with new kmt expectations

Job description

Include African centered expectations

Orientation

Create & implement indoctrination program

Training

Increased study/training in new kmt academic & administrative areas

Assessment

Updated

Teachers

Policies and procedures

Complete handbook with kmt expectations

Job description

Include African centered expectations

Orientation

Create & implement indoctrination program

Training

Pre-plan trainings with applied knowledge

Process and procedures for implementation of curriculum

Complete

Assessment

Assessment & accountability

Students

Student orientation

Create and implement

Policies and procedures

Student code

Assessment

Parents

Orientation

Create and implement

Organization

Active

Ritual

Update

Processes

Area

Present (¢)

Intermediate Steps

Future (˜)

Handling of prospective families

Admission process

Orientation

Social integration

Academic instruction

Student assessment- academic

Student assessment-behavioral

Matriculation

Graduation



REFERENCES

SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS SUPPORTING AFRICAN HUMANITIES

Necessary Staff Reading


Shomarka Keita, 'Studies and comments on ancient Kmtian biological relationships', History in Africa (Vol. 20, 1993), p. 145.


Cheikh Anta Diop, Nations Negres et Culture(Paris, Presence Africaine, 1954). The African Origin of Civilization: myth or reality?(Chicago, IL, Lawrence Hill Books, 1974) consists largely of selections from Nations Negres et Culture and Anteriorite des Civilizations Negres: mythe ou verite historique? (Paris, Presence Africaine, 1967).


Shomarka Keita, 'Communications', American Historical Review (October 1992), pp. 1355-6.


Martin Bernal, Black Athena: the Afroasiatic roots of classical civili Out of Africa - Major genomic mitochondrial lineages delineate early human expansions, 2005

Y-Chromosome Variation in Egypt, S.O.Y. Keita, African Archaeological Review (2005)

Exploring Northeast African Metric Craniofacial Variation at the Individual Level: A Comparative Study

Using Principal Components Analysis, S.O.Y. Keita, American Journal of Human Biology (2004)

Studies of Ancient Crania From Northern Africa, S.O.Y. Keita, American Journal of Physical Anthropology (1990)

Genetics, Egypt, and History: Interpreting Geographical Patterns of Y Chromosome Variation

S.O.Y. Keita & A. J. Boyce, History in Africa, 32 pp. 221-246 (2005)

Early Nile Valley Farmers, From El-Badari, Aboriginals or "European" Agro-Nostratic Immigrants? Craniometric Affinities Considered With Other Data, S.O.Y. Keita, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 191-208 (2005)

History in the Interpretation of the Pattern of p49a,f TaqI RFLP Y-Chromosome Variation in Egypt: A Consideration of Multiple Lines of Evidence, S.O.Y. Keita, American Journal of Human Biology, 17: 559-567 (2005)

Further Studies of Crania From Ancient Northern Africa: An Analysis of Crania From First Dynasty Egyptian Tombs, Using Multiple Discriminant Functions, S.O.Y. Keita, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 87: 245-254 (1992)

The Persistence of Racial Thinking and the Myth of Racial Divergence, S.O.Y. Keita and Rick A. Kittles, American Anthropologist (1997)

Studies and Comments on Ancient Egyptian Biological Relationships, by S.O.Y. Keita,

History in Africa, 20: 129-154 (1993)

The Origins of Afroasiatic, by Ehret, Keita and Newman, Science (2004)

Conceptualizing Human Variation, S.O.Y. Keita, Nature Genetics Supplement (2004)

Additional Reading:

Diachronic Patterns of Dental Hypoplasias and Vault Porosities During the Predynastic in the Naqada Region, Upper Egypt, S.O.Y. Keita, A.J. Boyce (2001)

Forensic Misclassification of Ancient Nubian Crania: Implications for Assumptions About Human Variation, Frank L'Engle_Williams, Robert L. Belcher, George J. Armelago's, Current Anthropology. (2005)

An Analysis of Crania From Tell-Duweir Using Multiple Discriminant Functions, S.O.Y. Keita, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 75: 375-390 (1988)

Interpreting African Genetic Diversity, S.O.Y. Keita & Rick Kittles, African Archaeological Review,

Vol. 16, No. 2 (1999)

"Race": Confusion About Zoological and Social Taxonomies, and Their Places in Science,

S.O.Y. Keita, A.J. Boyce, Field Museum of Chicago Institute of Biological Anthropology,

Oxford University, American Journal of Human Biology, 13: 569-575 (2001)

Variation in Ancient Egyptian Stature and Body Proportions, Sonia R. Zakrzewski, Department of Archaeology,

University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 121:219-229 (2003)

The Questionable Contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European Craniofacial Form,

by C. Loring Brace, National Academy of Sciences (2006)

Clines and Clusters Versus "Race:" A Test in Ancient Egypt and the Case of a Death on the Nile,

by C. Loring Brace, (1993)

Charts: Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2006: International Society of Genetic Genealogy Website

The Subspecies Concept in Zoology and Anthropology: A Brief Historical Review and Test of a Classification Scheme, by S.O.Y. Keita, Journal of Black Studies, Vo. 23, No. 3 (March, 1993)

Royal Incest and Diffusion in Africa, S.O.Y. Keita, American Ethnologist, Vol. 8. No. 2 (1981)

sations Vol. I: the fabrication of ancient Greece 1785-1985 (London, Vintage, 1987), pp. 241-2. Of the three volumes originally projected, volumes 1 and 2 have been published to date.

S.O.Y. Keita and Rick A. Kittles, 'The persistence of racial thinking and the myth of racial divergence', American Anthropologist (Vol. 99, no. 3, 1997), pp. 534-544.


Bruce Williams, 'The lost pharaohs of Nubia', in Ivan van Sertima (ed.), Kmt Revisited (New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction, 1993).


Shomarka Keita, 'Is studying Kmt in its African context 'Afrocentric'?' in Were the Achievements of Ancient Greece Borrowed from Africa? Proceedings from a Seminar sponsored by the Society for the Preservation of the Greek Heritage, Georgetown University, 16 November 1996. Other contributors to this conference included Mary Lefkowitz, Deborah Boedeker, Erich Mattel, Stanley Burstein, James D. Muhly, Jay Jasanoff and Frank Yurco.


S.O.Y. Keita and Rick A. Kitties, 'The persistence of racial thinking and the myth of racial divergence', American Anthropologist (Vol. 99, no. 3, 1997), pp. 534-44; pp. 534, 540.


Theodore Celenko (ed.), Kmt in Africa (Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indiana University Press, 1996), p. 17.


Bruce Williams, 'The lost pharaohs of Nubia', in Ivan van Sertima, op. cit., originally published in Archaeology (Vol. 33, no. 5, 1980), pp. 14-21: William Y. Adams, 'Doubts about the lost pharaohs', Journal of Near Eastern Studies (Vol. 44, 1985), pp. 185-92; Bruce Williams, 'The Qustul incense burner and the case for a Nubian origin of ancient Kmtian kingship',in Celenko, op. cit.; Joseph W. Wegner, 'Interaction between the Nubian A-group and predynastic Kmt: the significance of the Qustul incense burner', in Celenko, op. cit.


David O'Connor, 'Ancient Kmt and Black Africa--early contacts',Expedition (Vol. 14, 1971), pp. 2-9. O'Connor has emerged as one of the major historians of Nubia, see Ancient Nubia: Kmt's rival in Africa. (Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994).


Michael Rice, Kmt's Making: the origins of ancient Kmt, 5000-2000 BC (London, Routledge, 1991).


Josep Cervello Autuori, 'Kmt, Africa and the ancient world',in C. J. Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Kmtologists, Cambridge 3-9 September 1995, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (Vol. 82, 1998).


CLASSICS OF AFRICAN CENTERED PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY

1. AFRICA IN ANTIQUITY: THE ARTS OF ANCIENT NUBIA AND THE SUDAN. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Museum, 1978.

2. Agatucci, Cora. "ANCIENT AFRICA & AFRICAN EMPIRES TIMELINE." The New Crisis, Jan/Feb 2000, pp.40A-40H. Great ancient African civilizations, in their day, were just as splendid and glorious as any on the face of the earth. An ancient Africa and African empires timeline is presented.

3. Allen, Troy Duane. "ANCIENT KMTIAN KINSHIP: AN AFROCENTRIC CASE STUDY." PhD. Thesis, Temple University, 1998.

4. Armah Ayi Kwei. TWO THOUSAND SEASONS. Senegal, Popenguine: Per Ankh, 2000

5. Armah Ayi Kwei. KMT:IN THE HOUSE OF LIFE. Senegal, Popenguine: Per Ankh, 2002

6. Armah Ayi Kwei. ELOQUENCE OF THE SCRIBE. Senegal, Popenguine: Per Ankh, 2005

7. Bekerie, Ayele. ETHIOPIC, AN AFRICAN WRITING SYSTEM: ITS HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997.

8. Bell, Lanny David. "INTERPRETERS AND KMTIANIZED NUBIANS IN ANCIENT KMTIAN FOREIGN POLICY: ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF KMT AND NUBIA." PhD. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1976

9. Ben-Jochannan, Yosef. AFRICA: MOTHER OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1988, 1971.

10. Ben-Jochannan, Yosef. AFRICAN ORIGINS OF THE MAJOR WESTERN RELIGIONS. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1991, 1970.

11. Ben-Jochannan, Yosef. BLACK MAN OF THE NILE AND HIS FAMILY. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1989, 1972.

12. Bernal, Martin. BLACK ATHENA: THE AFROASIATIC ROOTS OF CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

13. Brooks, Lester. AFRICAN ACHIEVEMENTS: LEADERS, CIVILIZATIONS, AND CULTURES OF ANCIENT AFRICA. Stamford, CT.: De Gustibus Press, 1992. Originally published as: Great civilizations of ancient Africa. New York : Four Winds Press, 1971.

14. Burstein, Stanley, editor. ANCIENT AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS: KUSH AND AXUM. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener, 1998.

15. Burstein, Stanley Mayer. GRAECO-AFRICANA: STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF GREEK RELATIONS WITH KMT AND NUBIA. New Rochelle, NY: A.D. Cariatzas, 1994.

16. Byrd, Melanie and Caldwell, Ronald J. "THE HAMITIC PROPHECY AND NAPOLEON'S KMTIAN CAMPAIGN." Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Proceedings22: 313-320. Scholars affiliated with the 1796-1801 French military expedition to Kmt debated the appearance and racial classification of ancient Kmtians.

17. Carruthers, Jacob H. ESSAYS IN ANCIENT KMTIAN STUDIES. Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press, c1984

18. Carruthers, Jacob H. "OUTSIDE ACADEMIA: BERNAL'S CRITIQUE OF BLACK CHAMPIONS OF ANCIENT KMT." Journal of Black Studies 22, No. 4 (June 1992): 459-476

19. Chandler, Wayne B. ANCIENT FUTURE: THE TEACHINGS AND PROPHETIC WISDOM OF THE SEVEN HERMETIC LAWS OF ANCIENT KMT. Baltimore, MD: Black Classic Press, 1999.

20. Celenko, Theodore, editor. KMT IN AFRICA. Indianapolis : Indianapolis Museum of Art in cooperation with and distributed by Indiana University Press, 1996.

21. Clarke, John Henrik. "ANCIENT NIGERIA AND THE WESTERN SUDAN." Presence Africaine (English ed.), nos. 32-33 (1960): 11-18.

22. Clarke, John Henrik. "THE HISTORICAL LEGACY OF CHEIKH ANTA DIOP: HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO A NEW CONCEPT OF AFRICAN HISTORY." Presence Africaine(1-2): 110-120. Clarke presents recollections of his contacts with Cheikh Anta Diop (1923-86) as well as an evaluation of the Senegalese historian's contributions to a new concept of African history.

23. Dathorne, O. R. "AFRICA AS ANCESTOR: DIOP AS UNIFIER." Presence Africaine1989 (1-2): 121-133. C. A. Diop established that the ancient Kmtians were black and that the origins of Hellenic civilization were to be found in Africa.

24. Diop, Cheikh Anta. AFRICAN ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION: MYTH OR REALITY. New York: L. Hill, 1974.

25. Diop, Cheikh Anta. CIVILIZATION OR BARBARISM: AN AUTHENTIC ANTHROPOLOGY. Brooklyn, NY: Lawrence Hill, 1991.

26. Diop, Cheikh Anta. CULTURAL UNITY OF BLACK AFRICA: THE DOMAINS OF PATRIARCHY AND OF MATRIARCHY IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY. Chicago: Third World Press, 1978.

27. Drake, St. Clair. BLACK FOLK HERE AND THERE: AN ESSAY IN HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California, 1987-1990. 2 volumes.

28. Faraclas, Nicholas. "THEY CAME BEFORE THE KMTIANS: LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE FOR THE AFRICAN ROOTS OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES." In Federici, Silvia, ed. Enduring Western Civilization: The Construction of the Concept of Western Civilization and its Others. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995.

29. Finch, Charles. THE AFRICAN BACKGROUND TO MEDICAL SCIENCE: ESSAYS IN AFRICAN HISTORY, SCIENCE & CIVILIZATION. London, UK: Karnak House, 1990.

30. Gordon, Vivian Verdell, compiler. KEMET AND OTHER ANCIENT AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS: SELECTED REFERENCES. Chicago, Ill.: Third World Press, 1991. 30 p

31. Hall, Martin. "THE LEGEND OF THE LOST CITY: OR, THE MAN WITH GOLDEN BALLS." Journal of Southern African Studies 21(2): 179-199. Europeans from medieval times developed a mythology that featured the existence, in Africa, of a "lost civilization." Attempts to link Great Zimbabwe with the ancient world beyond Africa were part of this invented history

32. Hansberry, William Leo. AFRICA AND AFRICANS AS SEEN BY CLASSICAL WRITERS. Edited by Joseph E. Harris. Washington: Howard University Press, 1981, 1977.

33. Houston, Drusilla Dunjee. WONDERFUL ETHIOPIANS OF THE ANCIENT CUSHITE EMPIRE. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1985.

34. Jackson, John G. INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing Group, 1990.

35. James, George G.M. STOLEN LEGACY: THE GREEKS WERE NOT THE AUTHORS OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY, BUT THE PEOPLE OF NORTH AFRICA, COMMONLY CALLED THE KMTIANS. San Francisco: Julian Richardson Associates, 1976.

36. Karenga, Maulana N. "MAAT, THE MORAL IDEAL IN ANCIENT KMT: A STUDY IN CLASSICAL AFRICAN ETHICS." PhD Thesis. University of Southern California, 1994.

37. Karenga, Maulana and Jacob H. Carruthers, editors. KEMET AND THE AFRICAN WORLDVIEW: RESEARCH, RESCUE, AND RESTORATION: SELECTED PAPERS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST AND SECOND CONFERENCES OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF CLASSICAL AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS, 24-26 February 1984, Los Angeles, and 1-3 March 1985, Chicago. Los Angeles: University of Sankore Press, 1986.

38. Karenga, Maulana. MAAT: THE MORAL IDEA IN ANCIENT KMT. Los Angeles: University of Sankore Press, 2005.

39. Levine, Donald. "THE ROOTS OF ETHIOPIAN NATIONHOOD." Africa Report 1971 16(5): 12-15. Attempts to dispel the illusion that Ethiopia is a fragmented, fragile country by exploring the ancient African roots of the Ethiopian nation and people.

40. Levtzion, Nehemia. ANCIENT GHANA AND MALI. New York, N.Y.: Africana Pub. Co., 1980. Reprint of the 1973 ed. published by Methuen, London, which was issued as no. 7 of Studies in African history; with additions.

41. Lewis-Williams, J D. "IMAGES OF THE SPIRIT WORLD." Archaeology52(3): 61-63. Rock paintings by the ancient San people of Africa depict many of their rituals and reveal much about their spirituality. Some of the paintings of the San are examined.

42. Loth, Heinrich. WOMAN IN ANCIENT AFRICA. Westport, CT: L. Hill, 1987.

43. McWilliam, Fiona. "AFRICAN REMAINS MAY HAVE BEEN THE QUEEN OF SHEBA'S PALACE." Geographical, May 1999, p. 9.
Archaeologists have discovered the remains of a powerful 1,000-year-old kingdom in the Nigerian rainforest, a site that has proved to be Africa's largest monument.

44. Meza, Alicia I. ANCIENT KMT BEFORE WRITING: FROM COUNTING TO HIEROGLYPHS. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publishing Co., 2001.

45. Monges, Miriam Ma'at Kare. "KUSH: AN AFROCENTRIC PERSPECTIVE." PhD. Thesis, Temple University, 1995.

46. Noguera, Anthony. HOW AFRICAN WAS KMT?: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANCIENT KMTIAN AND BLACK AFRICAN CULTURES. New York: Vantage Press, 1976.

47. Obenga, Theophile. ANCIENT KMT AND BLACK AFRICA: A STUDENT'S HANDBOOK FOR THE STUDY OF ANCIENT KMT IN PHILOSOPHY, LINGUISTICS, AND GENDER RELATIONS. London: Karnak House, 1992.

48. Obenga, Theophile. AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY. Africa: Perankh Publishing Cooperative, 2005.

49. NUBIA: AN ANCIENT AFRICAN CIVILIZATION. Philadelphia: University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, 1994. 63p.

50. Rybalkina, I. G. "WOMEN IN AFRICAN HISTORY." Africa Quarterly 29(3-4): 83-91. Briefly recalls some of the notable women who played an active political role in African history since Kmt's Queen Hatshepsut in the 18th century B.C.

51. Shaw, Roberta L and Krzysztof Grzymski. ANCIENT KMT AND NUBIA. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1993.

52. Shinnie, P. L. MEROE: A CIVILIZATION OF THE SUDAN. New York, F. A. Praeger, 1967.

53. Snowden, Frank M., Jr. BLACKS IN ANTIQUITY: ETHIOPIANS IN THE GRECO-ROMAN EXPERIENCE. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1970.

54. Snowden, Frank M., Jr. BEFORE COLOR PREJUDICE: THE ANCIENT VIEW OF BLACKS. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.

55. Spaulding, Jay. "THE OLD SHAIQI LANGUAGE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE." History in Africa17: 283-292. Despite claims of Arabic origin and their acceptance by some Orientalists, the Old Shaiqi language was a form of Nubian closely related to Classical Nubian and the modern Nobiin speech found in the Kerma area of the northern Sudan.

56. Symposium on the Peopling of Ancient Kmt and the Deciphering of Meroitic Script, (1974: Cairo). THE PEOPLING OF ANCIENT KMT AND THE DECIPHERING OF MEROITIC SCRIPT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM HELD IN CAIRO from 28 January to 3 February 1974. Paris : Unesco, 1978. Series: The General History of Africa: Studies and documents ; vol. 1.

57. Tamrat, Taddesse. "PROCESSES OF ETHNIC INTERACTION AND INTEGRATION IN ETHIOPIAN HISTORY: THE CASE OF THE AGAW." Journal of African History29(1): 5-18. Different sections of the Agaw (Agau) seem to have constituted an important part of the population occupying the highland interior of northern Ethiopia from ancient times. Establishing the great Zagwe dynasty (to ca. 1270), they transmitted the institutions and traditions of Axum almost intact to later generations.

58. Van Sertima, Ivan, editor. BLACK WOMEN IN ANTIQUITY. New Brunswick NJ: Transaction Books, 1984. Series: Journal of African civilizations, v. 6, no. 1

59. Van Sertima, Ivan, editor. BLACKS IN SCIENCE: ANCIENT AND MODERN. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1983. Series: Journal of African civilizations, v. 5, no. 1-2.

60. Van Sertima, Ivan, editor. KMT: CHILD OF AFRICA. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1994. Series: Journal of African civilizations, v. 12.

61. Van Sertima, Ivan, editor. NILE VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NILE VALLEY CONFERENCE, ATLANTA, SEPT. 26-30. New Brunswick, N.J.: Journal of African Civilizations, c1985. Series: Journal of African civilizations, v. 6, no. 2.

62. Vogel, Joseph O. GREAT ZIMBABWE: THE IRON AGE IN SOUTH CENTRAL AFRICA. New York : Garland, 1994.

63. Wade, Nicholas. "DNA BACKS A TRIBE'S TRADITION OF EARLY DESCENT FROM THE JEWS." New York Times. Late Edition (East Coast), May 9, 1999 Section 1 9, Column 5, p. 1. A team of geneticists has found that many Lemba men carry in their male chromosome a set of DNA sequences that is distinctive of the cohanim, the Jewish priests believed to be the descendants of Aaron.

64. Walker, Robin. CLASSICAL SPLENDOR: ROOTS OF BLACK HISTORY. London: Bogle-L'Ouverture Pubs., 1999